内容説明
For freshman/sophomore-level courses in Introduction to Philosophy.
An accessible reader/text for beginning students of philosophy, this volume offers a broad scope of diverse classic and contemporary selections - with a narrative and format that presents difficult issues and readings in a simplified but not condescending manner. The readings are grouped around major philosophic themes: logic, ethics, metaphysics, epistemology, philosophy of religion, philosophy of art, and social and political philosophy. It also offers a selection of readings from Eastern philosophy.
目次
- I WHAT IS PHILOSOPHY?
1. The Activity of Philosophy.
2. Philosophy's History.
3. Philosophy and the Examined Life.
READING: Socrates, In Defense of Philosophy.
II. THINKING ABOUT THINKING (LOGIC).
4. The Life of Reason.
5. Argument Forms.
6. Inductive Arguments and Scientific Reasoning.
7. Strategies for Philosophical Argument.
READING: Thomas A. Shipka, Are You a Critical Thinker?.
III. WHAT IS REAL? (METAPHYSICS).
8. Introduction to Metaphysics.
9. Materialism.
READING: Epicurus, First Principle of Materialism.
10. Idealism.
READING: George Berkeley, Three Dialogues Between Hylas and Philonous.
11. The Mind-Body Problem.
READING: Richard Taylor, Materialism and Personal Identity.
12. Metaphysics and Language.
READING: Ludwig Wittgenstein, Philosophical Investigations.
IV. HOW DO WE KNOW? (EPISTEMOLOGY).
13. Introduction to Epistemology.
14. Appearance and Reality.
READING: Plato, The Visible and the Invisible.
15. The Quest for Certainty.
READING: Rene Descartes, Mediations.
16. Trust Your Senses.
READING: David Hume, Skeptical Doubts Concerning the Operations of the Understanding.
17. A Compromise.
READING: Immanuel Kant, Two Sources of Knowledge.
18. The Challenges of Postmodernism.
V. WHAT OUGHT WE TO DO? (ETHICS).
19. Introduction to Ethical Reasoning.
20. The Need for Morality.
READING: Thomas Hobbes, Leviathan.
21. The Morality of Self-Realization.
READING: Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics.
22. Morality Depends on the Consequences.
READING: John Stuart Mill, Utilitarianism.
23. Morality Depends on Motives.
READING: Immanuel Kant, Foundations of the Metaphysics of Morals.
VI. PHILOSOPHY OF RELIGION.
24. Introduction to Philosophy and Religion.
25. Religion and Life's Meaning.
READING: Leo Tolstoy, A Confession.
26. Arguments for God's Existence: The Ontological Argument.
READING: St. Anselm, Proslogion.
27. Arguments for God's Existence: The Cosmological Arguments.
READINGS: St. Thomas Aquinas, The Five Ways. William Paley, Natural Theology.
28. The Problem of Evil.
READING: John Hick, The Vale of Soul-Making Theodicy.
VII. PHILOSOPHY OF ART (ESTHETICS).
29. Introduction to Philosophy of Art.
30. The Value of Art.
READING: H. Gene Blocker, The Esthetic Attitude.
31. Art as Ideal.
READING: Kenneth Clark, The Naked and the Nude.
32. Esthetics and Ideology.
READING: Jennifer Jeffers, The Politics of Representation: The Role of the Gaze in Pornography.
VIII. SOCIAL AND POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY.
33. Social and Political Philosophy.
34. The Libertarian View of the State.
READING: John Locke, The State and the State of Nature.
35. The Individual and the State.
READING: John Stuart Mill, On Liberty.
36. Individual Happiness and Social Responsibility.
READING: M. Andrew Holowchak, Happiness and Justice in "Liberal" Society: Autonomy as Political Integration.
37. Minority Group Rights.
Elizabeth Smith and H. Gene Blocker, Minority Groups and the State.
IX. EASTERN THOUGHT.
38. Philosophy East and West.
39. Eastern Thought: Theories of Human Nature.
READINGS: Mencius, The Book of Mencius
- Xun Zi, The Nature of Man is Evil
- Dong Zhongshu, Man's Nature is Neither Good Nor Evil.
40. Eastern Thought: The Individual and the Collective.
READINGS: The Path of Yoga
- Lao Tzu, The Tao Te Ching.
Glossary of Terms.
Index.
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