This set of essays explores how constitutions change and are changed in a number of countries, and how the 'constitution' of the EU changes and is changed. For a range of reasons, including internal and external pressures, the constitutional arrangements in many countries are changing. Constitutional change may be formal, involving amendments to the texts of Constitutions or the passage of legislation of a clearly constitutional kind, or informal and organic, as where court decisions affect the operation of the system of government, or where new administrative and other arrangements (eg agencification) affect or articulate or alter the operation of the constitution of the country, without the need to resort to formal change. The countries in this study include, from the EU, a common law country, a Nordic one, a former communist state, several civil law systems, parliamentary systems and a hybrid one (France). Chapters on non EU countries include two on developing countries (India and South Africa), two on common law countries without entrenched written constitutions (Israel and New Zealand), a presidential system (the USA) and three federal ones (Switzerland, the USA and Canada). In the last two chapters the editors conduct a detailed comparative analysis of the jurisdiction-based chapters and explore the question whether any overarching theory or theories about constitutional change in liberal democracies emerge from the study.

Part I 1. Changing Constitutions Carlo Fusaro and Dawn Oliver Part II 2. Canada Tsvi Kahana 3. The Czech Republic Maxim Tomoszek 4. The European Union Renaud Dehousse 5. Finland Markku Suksi 6. France Sophie Boyron 7. Germany Jens Woelk 8. India Mahendra Pal Singh 9. Israel Suzie Navot 10. Italy Carlo Fusaro 11. New Zealand Paul Rishworth 12. Republic of South Africa Hugh Corder 13. Spain Ascension Elvira 14. Switzerland Giovanni Biaggini 15. The United Kingdom Dawn Oliver 16. The United States of America Stephen M Griffin Part III 17. Changing Constitutions: Comparative Analysis Dawn Oliver and Carlo Fusaro 18. Towards a Theory of Constitutional Change Carlo Fusaro and Dawn Oliver Annex: Jurisdiction-based Chart