The international religious networks explored in this volume range from the cults of early medieval saints to the ecumenical networks and friendships which developed in the twentieth century. The essays reveal the diversity of religious networks over the centuries and engage with enduring questions that transcend national, geographical and sectarian boundaries. Networks could be of ideas or of people but most commonly involved both. They could be supportedthrough formal organizations, institutions and bureaucracies or through more informal personal ties, such as friendships and acquaintances. Some international networks sustained a particular interest group, sect or denomination;others aspired to be ecumenical and all-encompassing. Networks might be created by, or around, a single individual; they could span an entire institutionally organized church; or, potentially, they could hope to include the wholeof Christendom or even aim to connect a range of different world religions. Networks might be made up of largely like-minded individuals sharing largely similar perspectives, or they could bring diverse individuals and groups together to focus on a specific religious issue, concern or personality. The book offers answers to the following questions. How far has religion, both in terms of the ideas it creates and in terms of its practitioners and adherents, been especially good at forming international networks? What is it about religion that gives it such leverage and such an ability to transcend national and regional boundaries and divides? These questions have some relevancefor our understanding of the networks sustained by different religious faiths at the present time, as well as for understanding the strains in keeping international religious networks intact. JEREMY GREGORY is Professor of the History of Christianity at the University of Manchester; HUGH MCLEOD is Emeritus Professor of Church History at the University of Birmingham. Contributors: SHIN AHN, BRENDA BOLTON, BARBARA BOMBI, ANNE J. DUGGAN, JEREMY GREGORY, DAVID HEMPTON, TORSTEIN JORGENSEN, ANDREW JOTISCHKY, STUART MEWS, KEIKO NOWACKA, MIKA PAJUNEN, CLOTILDE PRUNIER, TINE REEH, BJOERN RYMAN, ALEC RYRIE, IAN J. SHAW, DAMIAN J. SMITH, DAVID M. THOMPSON, DAG THORKILDSEN, CHRISTINE WALSH, CECILIA WEJRYD, JOHN WOLFFE

Introduction - Jeremy Gregory and Hugh McLeod Medieval Saints' Cults as International Networks: The Example of the Cult of St Katherine of Alexandria - Christine Walsh St Sabas and the Palestinian Monastic Network under Crusader Rule - Andrew Jotischky Religious Networks in Action: The European Expansion of the Cult of St Thomas of Canterbury - Anne J. Duggan Networking to Orthodoxy: The Case of Duran of Huesca - Damian J. Smith Networks of Ideas, Networks of Men: Clerical Reform, Parisian Theologians and the Movement to Reform Prostitutes in Twelfth- and Thirteenth-Century France - Keiko Nowacka From Frontier to Mission: Networking by Unlikely Allies in the Church International, 1198-1216 - Brenda H. Bolton An Archival Network: The Teutonic Knights between the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Century - Barbara Bombi John Knox's International Network - Alec Ryrie Scottish Catholic Correspondence Networks in Eighteenth-Century Europe - Clotilde Prunier Transatlantic Anglican Networks, c.1680 - c.1770: Transplanting, Translating and Transforming the Church of England - Jeremy Gregory International Religious Networks: Methodism and Popular Protestantism, c.1750 - 1850 - David Hempton Revivalism, Emigration and Religious Networks in Nineteenth-Century Norway - Dag Thorkildsen Transatlantic Visitors and Evangelical Networks, 1829-61 - John Wolffe An Englishman Abroad: The International Networks of a Nineteenth-Century Congregationalist - Ian J. Shaw A Female Force despite Mockery and Contempt: Women's Mission Groups in Norway as Social, Religious and International Network Builders - Torstein Jorgensen A Glocal Knitwork: Sewing Circles in the Church of Sweden as a Global Women's Network - Cecilia Wejryd The International Religious Network of Yun Chi-ho (1865-1965): Mission or Dialogue? - Shin Ahn Global Visions and Patriotic Sentiments: The Rise and Fall of Ecumenical Reputations, 1890-1922 - Stuart Mews The Ecumenical Network, 1920-48 - David M. Thompson The International Horizon and the National Crisis: Hal Koch's International Intellectual Network, Experience and Influences during the 1930s - Tine Reeh Bureaucratic or Personal Networks? Formation of the Ecumenical Movement during the Second World War - Bjoern Ryman The Nordic Network shows its Weakness as the Cold War sets in: The Visit of the Rev. A. Cotter to the Nordic Lutheran Churches of Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden, 1946 - Mika Pajunen