Text ( visual ) : unmediated Flunking grades : research and policies on retention / edited by Lorrie A. Shepard and Mary Lee Smith. -- pbk.. -- London ; New York : Falmer Press , 1989. -- viii, 243 p. ; 24 cm. -- (Education policy perspectives ; Policy studies and evaluation series). -- Includes bibliographies and index. -- ISBN 1850003386 ; 1850003394 ; (BA06814926) ; https://ci.nii.ac.jp/ncid/BA06814926 Author Heading(s): Shepard, Lorrie A. ; Smith, Mary Lee. -- Classification(s): LCC : LB3063 ; DC19 : 371.2/8/0973. -- Subject Heading(s): LCSH : Promotion (School) -- United States ; LCSH : Grade repetition -- United States ; LCSH : Academic achievement