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About duplicated code and performance:
When I look at the duplicated code, I don't see anything that remotely 
looks like a performance tweak. Just to make sure, I made a bench:
#!/usr/bin/env python
import sys
sys.path.insert(0, 'Lib')
import timeit
import weakref
class Foo(object): pass
def setup():
 L = [Foo() for i in range(1000)]
 global d
 d = weakref.WeakValueDictionary(enumerate(L))
 del L[:500] # have some dead weakrefs
def do():
 d.values()
print timeit.timeit(do, setup, number=100000)
Results without the patch:
 ./python.exe weakref_bench.py
0.804216861725
Results with the patch:
$ ./python.exe weakref_bench.py
0.813000202179
I think the small difference in performance is more attributable to the 
extra processing the weakref dict does than the deduplication of the 
code itself.
About the test_weak_*_dict_flushed_dead_items_when_iters_go_out:
If a weakref dict keeps its weak reference alive, it's not an 
implementation detail, it's a bug. The whole point of using such dicts 
is to not keep keys or values alive when they go out.