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In Windows, maybe the os.environ mapping could use a case-insensitive subclass of str for its keys, such as the following:
 @total_ordering
 class _CaseInsensitiveString(str):
 def __eq__(self, other):
 if not isinstance(other, str):
 return NotImplemented
 return self.upper() == other.upper()
 def __lt__(self, other):
 if not isinstance(other, str):
 return NotImplemented
 return self.upper() < other.upper()
 def __hash__(self):
 return hash(self.upper())
Change encodekey() to use this type. For example:
 def encodekey(key):
 return _CaseInsensitiveString(encode(key))
in which encode() is still check_str().