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What do you mean by crash? I think the purpose of the test is to crash the interpreter:
 def test_recursionlimit_fatalerror(self):
 # A fatal error occurs if a second recursion limit is hit when recovering
 # from a first one.
 ...
 self.assertIn(
 b"Fatal Python error: Cannot recover from stack overflow",
 err)
test_sys passes for me in Python 3.5, but not in Python 3.6:
======================================================================
FAIL: test_recursionlimit_fatalerror (test.test_sys.SysModuleTest)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Traceback (most recent call last):
 File "/home/berker/projects/cpython/default/Lib/test/test_sys.py", line 281, in test_recursionlimit_fatalerror
 err)
AssertionError: b'Fatal Python error: Cannot recover from stack overflow' not found in b''
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Running the snippet from msg276686 in Python 3.6:
 $ ./python -V
 Python 3.6.0b1+
 $ ./python a.py 
 Segmentation fault (core dumped)
In Python 3.5:
 $ ./python -V
 Python 3.5.2+
 $ ./python a.py 
 Fatal Python error: Cannot recover from stack overflow.
 Current thread 0x00007f5965eaf700 (most recent call first):
 File "a.py", line 5 in f
 File "a.py", line 5 in f
 File "a.py", line 5 in f
 [...]