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The docs for locals() warn not to write to the dict returned, as it may not have the intended effect of modifying the actual variables seen by the interpreter.
https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#locals
But as I understanding it, using locals() inside a class body is intentionally supported:
 class K:
 locals()['x'] = 1
 
 assert K.x == 1
is not just an accident of implementation, but the intended behaviour and a language guarantee.