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pathlib doesn't provide an exact replacement for os.path.realpath().
Path.resolve() is the closest equivalent, but differs in behavior in one case: when the path does not exist.
>>> os.path.realpath('/foo')
'/foo'
>>> Path('/foo').resolve()
Traceback (most recent call last):
 File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
 File "/usr/local/Cellar/python3/3.5.1/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/lib/python3.5/pathlib.py", line 1094, in resolve
 s = self._flavour.resolve(self)
 File "/usr/local/Cellar/python3/3.5.1/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/lib/python3.5/pathlib.py", line 330, in resolve
 return _resolve(base, str(path)) or sep
 File "/usr/local/Cellar/python3/3.5.1/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/lib/python3.5/pathlib.py", line 315, in _resolve
 target = accessor.readlink(newpath)
 File "/usr/local/Cellar/python3/3.5.1/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/lib/python3.5/pathlib.py", line 422, in readlink
 return os.readlink(path)
FileNotFoundError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: '/foo'
This impairs pathlib usefulness to sanitize user input when I am about to create a file or a directory. The file does not exist yet, and pathlib doesn't provide an easy mean to validate whether the provided input is safe.