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Note that this (or a very similar issue) also affects os.listdir() on Windows: os.listdir(bytes_path_with_nul) raises ValueError as expected, but os.listdir(unicode_path_with_nul) does not. Test case:
>>> import os
>>> os.mkdir('foo')
>>> os.listdir(b'foo\x00zzz')
Traceback (most recent call last):
 File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
ValueError: listdir: embedded null character in path
>>> os.listdir('foo\x00zzz')
[]
However, this is not the case on Linux, as there both calls raise an appropriate ValueError.
This needs to be fixed in posixmodule.c's path_converter() function.
I'm in the middle of implementing PEP 471 (os.scandir), so don't want to create a proper patch right now, but the fix is to add these lines in posixmodule.c path_converter() after the if (length > 32767) {...} block:
 if ((size_t)length != wcslen(wide)) {
 FORMAT_EXCEPTION(PyExc_ValueError, "embedded null character in %s");
 Py_DECREF(unicode);
 return 0;
 }
We should also add test to test_os.py like the following:
 def test_listdir_nul_in_path(self):
 self.assertRaises(ValueError, os.listdir, 'y\x00z')
 self.assertRaises(ValueError, os.listdir, b'y\x00z')