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I tried to implement Nick's idea with the separate scope for __class__. It seems to work, I'm attaching a patch. The patch basically causes the following class statement:
class C(A, B, metaclass=meta):
 def f(self):
 return __class__
To be compiled approximately like this:
def _outer_C(*__args__, **__kw__):
 class _inner_C(*__args__, **__kw__):
 def f(self):
 return __class__
 __class__ = _inner_C
 return _inner_C
C = _outer_C(A, B, metaclass=meta)
It also includes some tests.
(The patch also changes the magic number in Lib/importlib/_bootstrap.py. This caused Python/importlib.h to be regenerated, but I didn't included those changes in the patch, because its a lot, and not very human-readable. Please tell me if I need to include them.)