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Since the changeset 45079ad1e260 (issue #4388), command line arguments are decoded from UTF-8 instead of the locale encoding. Functions of Python/fileutils.c are still using the locale encoding.
It does not work: see issue #16218. On Mac OS X, in the command line "python script.py", the filename "script.py" is decoded from UTF-8 (by _Py_DecodeUTF8_surrogateescape) but then it is passed to _Py_fopen() which encodes the filename to the locale encoding (ex: ISO-8859-1 if $LANG, $LC_CTYPE and $LC_ALL environment variables are not set). The result is mojibake and Python fails to open the script.
Attached patch modifies function of Python/fileutils.c to use UTF-8 to encode and decode filenames, instead of the locale encoding on Mac OS X.
I don't know yet if Module/getpath.c should also decode paths from UTF-8 instead of the locale encoding on Mac OS X. We may expose _Py_decode_filename().