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In the diff between 2.7.2 and 2.7.3, we see:
--- Python-2.7.2/PCbuild/pythoncore.vcproj 2011年06月11日 08:46:27.000000000 -0700
+++ Python-2.7.3/PCbuild/pythoncore.vcproj 2012年04月09日 16:07:35.000000000 -0700
@@ -1835,6 +1835,10 @@
 >
 </File>
 <File
+ RelativePath="..\Python\random.c"
+ >
+ </File>
+ <File
 RelativePath="..\Python\structmember.c"
 >
 </File>
...however there isn't any similar change to PC\VS8.0\pythoncore.vcproj , PC\VS7.1\pythoncore.vcproj, nor PC\VC6\pythoncore.dsp
I don't know if any of those are deprecated, but the VS8.0 .vcproj's definitely worked in 2.7.2. In 2.7.3 the missing random.obj file causes python27.dll to fail to link and everything goes downhill from there.
Hand-applying the same change to the PC\VS8.0 directory fixed the problem for me.