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I was already working on a standalone test, and now I have it ready. Using it I can demonstrate the issue against both the cpython trunk and against my local v2.6.6 binary distribution, therefore I have added v3.3 as an affected version. It is reasonable to suppose that all versions in between are affected as well, but I have not tested versions 2.7, 3.1, or 3.2.
I attach a complete package with source and Autotools build scripts. A bit of overkill, I guess, but pretty easy to use. As is typical with the Autotools, the build system is far larger than the actual project sources (those are only 162 lines of C and 57 lines of Python, both reasonably well commented).
The test should be run against a Python configured with --enable-shared --with-threads (I also used --with-pydebug), and that can be an uninstalled working copy. To build and perform the test:
1) Unpack the tarball
 tar xzf deadlocktest-0.2.tar.gz
2) Change to the test source directory
 cd deadlocktest-0.2
3) Configure the test for building
 ./configure [--with-python-build=/path/to/working/copy]
4) Build the test
 make
5) Run the test
 make check
The test builds and runs (and fails) against both Python 2.6 and the current trunk (3.3). It passes when run against my patched versions of 2.6 and 3.3.