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In Python modules, the top-level module code sees the __file__ variable and can use it to refer to resources in package subdirectories, for example. This is not currently possible in extension modules, because __file__ is only set after running the module init function, and the module has no way to find out its runtime location.
CPython should set __file__ directly in PyModule_Create2(), based on information provided by the shared library loader. This would let PyModule_GetFilenameObject() work immediately with the newly created module object.
The relevant python-dev thread is here:
http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2011-November/114476.html
A patch will follow soon.