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I think the functions should:
- accept both str and bytes for keys and values; when it's an str, encoding it using the FS encoding
- return str for attribute names, using the FS encoding
- return bytes for attribute values, although returning str might be reasonable as well
I also get the following test failures:
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FAIL: test_fds (test.test_os.ExtendedAttributeTests)
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Traceback (most recent call last):
 File "/home/antoine/cpython/default/Lib/test/test_os.py", line 1579, in test_fds
 self._check_xattrs(getxattr, setxattr, removexattr, listxattr)
 File "/home/antoine/cpython/default/Lib/test/test_os.py", line 1542, in _check_xattrs
 setxattr(fn, b"user.test", b"bye", os.XATTR_CREATE)
AssertionError: OSError not raised
======================================================================
FAIL: test_lpath (test.test_os.ExtendedAttributeTests)
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Traceback (most recent call last):
 File "/home/antoine/cpython/default/Lib/test/test_os.py", line 1564, in test_lpath
 os.llistxattr)
 File "/home/antoine/cpython/default/Lib/test/test_os.py", line 1542, in _check_xattrs
 setxattr(fn, b"user.test", b"bye", os.XATTR_CREATE)
AssertionError: OSError not raised
======================================================================
FAIL: test_simple (test.test_os.ExtendedAttributeTests)
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Traceback (most recent call last):
 File "/home/antoine/cpython/default/Lib/test/test_os.py", line 1560, in test_simple
 os.listxattr)
 File "/home/antoine/cpython/default/Lib/test/test_os.py", line 1542, in _check_xattrs
 setxattr(fn, b"user.test", b"bye", os.XATTR_CREATE)
AssertionError: OSError not raised