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Note the quoted documentation in comment 1, the paragraph "Note that if an otherwise unhandled SystemError ..."
I don't think that paragraph is correct - SystemError doesn't seem to terminate Py_Main - but if you replace "SystemError" with "SystemExit", that paragraph is correct, including the comment about Py_InspectFlag.
So I think there are 2 simple documentation bugs (the component of this bug is "Documentation") and not necessarily a behaviour bug (even though the "type" is set to behaviour :)
* The first paragraph should have references to sys.exit() removed (I didn't mention this in my previous comment!)
* The second paragraph should s/SystemError/SystemExit/ and optionally a note that calling sys.exit() will result in a SystemExit exception.
I just traced through this in Python 2.6 - PyRun_InteractiveOneFlags winds up calling PyErr_PrintEx() and this function explicitly checks for SystemExit and calls handle_system_exit, which calls exit(). There doesn't seem to be any special handling for SystemError at all.