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You wan't to have the Semaphore with a max count of infinite because
a) of the "race condition" mentioned (actually, possible discrepancy between n_waiting and actual semaphore value), which can cause the semaphore count to temporarily go positive, and
b) If you implement _cond_broadcast(), which would have code like:
 int waiting = cond->n_waiting;
 if (waiting > 0) {
 cond->n_waiting = 0
 ReleaseSemaphore(cond->sem, waiting, 0);
}
The semaphore value going above 0 is not a "bug" but an implementation detail stemming from the fact that n_waiting cannot reliably reflect the semaphore state at each particular time. Due to locking, it may lag behind the state a little bit.