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> I would add I was building 64-bit, so adding the compiler flag -m64 on 'hawk' at least some of the time.
Ah; that may be relevant. Can you tell us exactly what command line you're using to build Python, and the values of any relavent environment variables?
> I would have thought it was better to test this out with small bits
> of test code like I posted, rather than the complete Python 
> source code. 
Unfortunately, the small bits of code don't really help: I get the same results as you for those, and I understand why those are failing: copysign isn't declared (as you'll see if you add -Wall to your compilation line) so the compiler assumes it returns type 'int'. This shouldn't happen with Python because its configure script defines __EXTENSIONS__, which ensures that copysign *is* declared when math.h is included. Can you still reproduce the strange copysign results with your small examples when __EXTENSIONS__ is #define'd?
> This conflicting behavior could be the result of what linker or
> assembler is being used. On SPARC, I use Sun linker and assembler.
> On OpenSolaris I use the Sun linker, but the GNU assembler.
I have the same setup (Sun linker, GNU assembler):
dickinsm@eratosthenes:~/release26-maint$ gcc-4.4 -v
Using built-in specs.
Target: i386-pc-solaris2.11
Configured with: ../gcc-4.4.4/configure --prefix=/usr/local --program-suffix=-4.4 --with-mpfr-include=/usr/include/mpfr --with-gmp-include=/usr/include/gmp --with-as=/usr/bin/gas --with-gnu-as --with-ld=/usr/bin/ld --without-gnu-ld --enable-shared --enable-multilib --enable-languages=c,c++,objc
Thread model: posix
gcc version 4.4.4 (GCC)