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Mark,
I am reassigning this to you for commit review. I am changing the title to reflect the visible part of the change. The datetime module gains direct access to system gettimeofday at the C level while time module grows time.gettimeofday() Python method.
I am not sure I made the best choice defining struct timeval on systems without gettimeofday. Maybe it is better to do
typedef struct timeval _PyTime_timeval;
on systems with gettimeofday and equivalent explicit definition on systems without.
The cast selection logic for time_t is a bit of a hack as well, but this is the best I could come up with without resorting to configure tests. Unless this breaks on a known platform, I would rather commit this as is and have a separate project to clean up cross-platform time handling later.
This patch builds on refactoring started in issue9012.