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PyObject_HEAD's documentation in py3k (http://docs.python.org/dev/py3k/c-api/structures.html#PyObject_HEAD) uses the same content used in the python 2.x's docs which is wrong, as there were some API changes.
PyObject_HEAD is actually defined as
#define PyObject_HEAD PyObject ob_base;
with PyObject defined as
typedef struct _object {
 _PyObject_HEAD_EXTRA
 Py_ssize_t ob_refcnt;
 struct _typeobject *ob_type;
} PyObject;
(The PyTRACE_REFS discussion is still valid, though.)
Additionally, it'd be nice to mention that the Py_REFCNT(ob) and Py_TYPE(ob) macros should be used to access the PyObject members.