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Here's a new patch. Should be complete but I want to test it some more before committing.
I decided to follow RFC 3629, putting 0 instead of 5/6 for bytes in range F5-FD (we can always put them back in the unlikely case that the Unicode Consortium changed its mind) and also for other invalid ranges (e.g. C0-C1). This lead to some simplification in the code.
I also found out that, according to RFC 3629, surrogates are considered invalid and they can't be encoded/decoded, but the UTF-8 codec actually does it. I included tests and fix but I left them commented out because this is out of the scope of this patch, and it probably need a discussion on python-dev.