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Hello,
the description for chr (from https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#chr) reads as:
 Return the string representing a character whose Unicode code
 point is the integer i. [...] The valid range for the argument
 is from 0 through 1,114,111 (0x10FFFF in base 16). ValueError
 will be raised if i is outside that range.
If however a value > 0x7fffffff (or < -0x80000000) is provided, the function raises an Overflow error:
 $ python3 -c 'print(chr(0x80000000))'
 Traceback (most recent call last):
 File "<string>", line 1, in <module>
 OverflowError: signed integer is greater than maximum
This is either a documentation problem or (more like) an implementation issue. I attached a patch that fixes the issue for me. (I'm not sure however if I should call PyErr_Clear() before raising ValueError.)

It's more an implementation issue.
I proposed PR 5218 to also raise a ValueError on overflow.
I propose to only change Python 3.7, and only Python 2.7 and 3.6 unchanged.

The message I get on Windows is 
OverflowError: Python int too large to convert to C long
Given that the exception type is documented, making this a clear bug, I would be tempted to fix in 3.6 also. But your decision.

Perhaps this issue should be raised on Python-Dev, since it changes the old and well-known behavior of buildins. I think that ValueError is more appropriate, but in past we decided to keep OverflowError for compatibility.
If change chr(), other code needs to be changed. "%c", PyUnicode_FromOrdinal(), PyUnicode_Format(), and possible the same for bytes.
See also issue29833 and issue15988.

Still raising OVerflowError on 3.11:
>>> print(chr(0x80000000))
Traceback (most recent call last):
 File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
OverflowError: Python int too large to convert to C int