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Android ndk version r11c.
The crash happens very early on python startup. The SIGILL occurs when python is built 'with-pydebug'.
Python runs fine on the armv5te emulator when built with clang without '-mthumb'.
Python runs fine on the armv5te emulator when built with gcc 4.9 with or without '-mthumb'.
Attaching the strace and logcat output for each type of build.
The backtrace when python is built 'with-pydebug' (but logcat.txt says that the SIGSEGV occurs at PyUnicode_DecodeUTF8Stateful when not built 'with-pydebug'):
Program received signal SIGILL, Illegal instruction.
0xb6d77e0a in r_object (p=0xbed89588)
 at Python/marshal.c:1340
1340 idx = r_ref_reserve(flag, p);
(gdb) bt
#0 0xb6d77e0a in r_object (p=0xbed89588)
 at Python/marshal.c:1340
#1 0xb6d76ba2 in PyMarshal_ReadObjectFromString (str=0xb6e5f9ae <_Py_M__importlib> "c", len=30106)
 at Python/marshal.c:1584
#2 0xb6d72506 in PyImport_ImportFrozenModuleObject (name='_frozen_importlib')
 at Python/import.c:1187
#3 0xb6d727ec in PyImport_ImportFrozenModule (name=0xb6e49ac0 "_frozen_importlib")
 at Python/import.c:1236
#4 0xb6d7ff96 in import_init (interp=0xb6919068, sysmod=<module at remote 0xb688a818>)
 at Python/pylifecycle.c:243
#5 0xb6d7fc80 in _Py_InitializeEx_Private (install_sigs=1, install_importlib=1)
 at Python/pylifecycle.c:413
#6 0xb6d80f30 in Py_InitializeEx (install_sigs=1)
 at Python/pylifecycle.c:450
#7 0xb6d80f3e in Py_Initialize ()
 at Python/pylifecycle.c:456
#8 0xb6daa5e6 in Py_Main (argc=1, argv=0xb6901068)
 at Modules/main.c:678
#9 0xb6f9b84c in ?? ()

The reference to '-mthumb' in the ndk documentation: https://developer.android.com/ndk/guides/standalone_toolchain.html#abi.

ARMV5TE is deprecated in NDK r16 and will be removed in r17.
See https://developer.android.com/ndk/guides/abis.html
Closing as won't fix.