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conina:~ graham$ python
Python 2.7.3 (v2.7.3:70274d53c1dd, Apr 9 2012, 20:52:43)
[GCC 4.2.1 (Apple Inc. build 5666) (dot 3)] on darwin
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> dict({'a':'aa'},b='bb')
{'a': 'aa', 'b': 'bb'}
>>> dict({'a':'aa'},a='bb')
Segmentation fault: 11
conina:~ graham$
From the docs:
[[
If keyword arguments are given, the keyword arguments and their values are added to the dictionary created from the positional argument. If a key being added is already present, the value from the keyword argument replaces the value from the positional argument.
]]

Oops, (RETURN) submitted before comments done...
I think the example interactive python script is self-explanatory.
I know my version of Python is a bit out of date, but I couldn't see anything in the issue list that indicated this problem had been seen and fixed. I had previously experienced some segment fault crashes while doing dictionary manipulation, but could not isolate the cause.

I just tried the same on a Python 2.7.5 installation and it worked as expected (no crash). So I now assume this is fixed. Sorry for the noise.