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This would be a simple API enhancement and would allow easier building of URLs, like
>>> SplitResult("rtp", address, query=urlencode(query)).geturl()
"rtp://localhost:5004?rtcpport=5005"
It seems the best way to do this at the moment is annoyingly verbose:
SplitResult("rtp", address, path="", query=urlencode(query), fragment="").geturl()
The way hinted by the documentation can leave an ugly empty query string:
>>> query = ()
>>> "rtp://%s?%s" % (address, urlencode(query))
"rtp://localhost:5004?"
This enhancement would also allow easy parsing of usernames, ports, etc:
>>> SplitResult(netloc="[::1]:0").hostname
"::1"
>>> SplitResult(netloc="[::1]:0").port
0
Looking at the code, I think this could be implemented by adding an explicit constructor to each of the concrete classes, with arguments defaulting to "" or b"" as appropriate.

Adding a patch implementing my suggested enhancement

I agree that it would be nice to have. But this feature has a cost.
$ ./python -m timeit -s 'from urllib.parse import ParseResult' -- "ParseResult('http', 'User@example.com:Pass@www.python.org:080', '/doc/', '', 'query=yes', 'frag')"
Unpatched: 1.61 usec per loop
Patched: 2.1 usec per loop
$ ./python -m timeit -s 'from urllib.parse import urlparse' -- 'urlparse("http://User@example.com:Pass@www.python.org:080/doc/?query=yes#frag")'
Unpatched: 8.87 usec per loop
Patched: 9.22 usec per loop
Is this cost significant?
The cost can be decreased by using global _tuple_new = tuple.__new__. But this couples the code too tight to implementation details of namedtuple.