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I assume there is some incompatibility in the maverick's C runtime, but getting a segfault only on the python binaries from python.org.
Version shipped by Apple OS X 10.9 Mavericks:
~❯ python2.7
Python 2.7.5 (default, Sep 12 2013, 21:33:34)
[GCC 4.2.1 Compatible Apple LLVM 5.0 (clang-500.0.68)] on darwin
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> foo = {}
>>> foo[{}] = 1
Traceback (most recent call last):
 File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
TypeError: unhashable type: 'dict'
>>>
2.7 binary installed from python.org:
~❯ /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/bin/python
Python 2.7.5 (v2.7.5:ab05e7dd2788, May 13 2013, 13:18:45)
[GCC 4.2.1 (Apple Inc. build 5666) (dot 3)] on darwin
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> foo = {}
>>> foo[{}] = 1
[1] 4517 segmentation fault /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/bin/python
3.3 binary installed from python.org:
Python 3.3.2 (v3.3.2:d047928ae3f6, May 13 2013, 13:52:24)
[GCC 4.2.1 (Apple Inc. build 5666) (dot 3)] on darwin
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> foo = {}
>>> foo[{}] = 1
[1] 1898 segmentation fault python

Sure looks like the bug where virtually _any_ two lines entered in the shell cause a segfault.

Betting this is a duplicate of:
http://bugs.python.org/issue18458 

It is a duplicate. Fixed in 3.3.3 and 2.7.6.

P.S. See that issue for a workaround. Also release candidate installers for 3.3.3 and 2.7.6 are now available with final releases very soon.