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Your connections to the ATmega328p are incomplete.

You are missing the connection of ground to pin 22, and you must supply power to AVCC on pin 20.

You should also place the capacitors much closer to the crystal with a very direct route to ground, and try to place the crystal itself closer to the chip.

Additionally you should use supply bypass capacitors.

Please see the minimum wiring at Arduino on a Breadboard, however this document itself is erroneous as it neglects to show the high frequency 0.1 uF bypass capacitors you should have directly across each pair of power pins.

That's not to say that there may not be additional issues as well - but you need to fix the circuit problems first.