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The file id-lang.map, installed by default in $(prefix)/share/id-lang.map, contains rules for mapping file names to source languages. Each rule comprises three parts: a shell glob pattern, a language name, and language-specific scanner options.
The special pattern ‘**’ denotes the default source language. This is the language that's assigned to file names that don't match any other pattern.
The special pattern ‘***’ should be followed by a file name. The named file should contain more language-map rules and is included at this point.
The order in which rules are presented in a language-map file is significant. This order influences the order in which files are displayed as the result of queries. For example, the distributed language-map file places all rules for C .h files ahead of .c files, so that in general, declarations will precede definitions in query output. The same thing is done for C++ and its many different source file name extensions.
Here is a pared-down version of the id-lang.map file distributed with the ID utilities:
# Default language ** IGNORE # Although this is listed first, # the default language pattern is # logically matched last. # Backup files *~ IGNORE *.bak IGNORE *.bk[0-9] IGNORE # SCCS files [sp].* IGNORE # list header files before code files *.h C *.h.in C *.H C++ *.hh C++ *.hpp C++ *.hxx C++ # list C `meta' files next *.l C *.lex C *.y C *.yacc C # list C code files after header files *.c C *.C C++ *.cc C++ *.cpp C++ *.cxx C++ # list assembly language after C *.[sS] asm --comment=; *.asm asm --comment=; # [nt]roff *.[0-9] roff *.ms roff *.me roff *.mm roff # TeX and friends *.tex TeX *.ltx TeX *.texi texinfo *.texinfo texinfo