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<title>Why Copyleft?
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
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<h2>Why Copyleft?</h2>
(削除) <p>
<cite>“When (削除ここまで)
(追記) <div class="important">
<p><em>When (追記ここまで) it comes to defending (削除) the freedom of others, (削除ここまで) (追記) everyone's freedom, (追記ここまで) to lie
down and do nothing is an act of weakness, not (削除) humility.”</cite>
</p> (削除ここまで) (追記) humility.</em></p>
</div> (追記ここまで)
<p>
In the GNU Project we usually recommend people
use <a (削除) href="/copyleft/copyleft.html">copyleft</a> (削除ここまで) (追記) href="/licenses/copyleft.html">copyleft</a> (追記ここまで) licenses like GNU
GPL, rather than permissive non-copyleft free software licenses. We
don't argue harshly against the non-copyleft licenses—in fact,
we occasionally recommend them in special circumstances—but the
advocates of those licenses show a pattern of arguing harshly against
the (削除) <acronym (削除ここまで) (追記) <abbr (追記ここまで) title="General Public (削除) License">GPL</acronym>. (削除ここまで) (追記) License">GPL</abbr>. (追記ここまで)
</p>
<p>
In one such argument, a person stated that his use of one of the BSD
licenses was an “act of humility”: “I ask nothing of
those who use my code, except to credit me.” It is rather a
stretch to describe a legal demand for credit as
(削除) “humility”, (削除ここまで)
(追記) “humility,” (追記ここまで) but there is a deeper point to be considered
here.
</p>
<p>
Humility is (削除) abnegating (削除ここまで) (追記) disregarding (追記ここまで) your own (削除) self interest, (削除ここまで) (追記) self-interest, (追記ここまで) but (削除) you and (削除ここまで) the (削除) one who
uses (削除ここまで) (追記) interest you
abandon when you don't copyleft (追記ここまで) your code (削除) are not the only ones affected by your choice of which
free software license to use for (削除ここまで) (追記) is much bigger than (追記ここまで) your (削除) code. (削除ここまで)
(追記) own. (追記ここまで) Someone who uses your code in a nonfree program is (削除) trying to deny (削除ここまで) (追記) denying (追記ここまで)
freedom to others, (削除) and (削除ここまで) (追記) so (追記ここまで) if you (削除) let him do it, (削除ここまで) (追記) allow that, (追記ここまで) you're failing to defend (削除) their (削除ここまで)
(追記) those people's (追記ここまで) freedom. When it comes to defending (削除) the freedom of others, (削除ここまで) (追記) everyone's
freedom, (追記ここまで) to lie down and do nothing is an act of weakness, not
humility.
</p>
<p>
Releasing your code under (追記) <a href="/licenses/bsd.html"> (追記ここまで) one of the BSD (削除) licenses, (削除ここまで)
(追記) licenses</a>, (追記ここまで) or some other (追記) lax, (追記ここまで) permissive (削除) non-copyleft (削除ここまで) license, is not doing
wrong; the program is still free software, and still a contribution to
our community. But it is weak, and in most cases it is not the best
way to promote users' freedom to share and change software.
</p>
(追記) <p>
Here are specific examples of nonfree versions of free programs
that have done major harm to the free world.</p>
<ul>
<li>Those who released LLVM under a non-copyleft
license <a href="https://www.anandtech.com/show/5238/nvidia-releases-cuda-41-cuda-goes-llvm-and-open-source-kind-of">enabled
nVidia to release a high-quality nonfree compiler</a> for its GPUs,
while keeping its instruction set secret. Thus, we can't write a free
compiler for that platform without a big reverse engineering job. The
nonfree adaptation of LLVM is the only compiler for those machines,
and is likely to remain so.</li>
<li>Intel uses
<a href="https://www.tomshardware.com/news/google-removing-minix-management-engine-intel,35876.html">a
proprietary version of the MINIX system</a>, which is free but not
copylefted, in the Management Engine back door in its modern
processors.</li>
</ul>
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