Nepal

Nepal

Bhaktapura (Bhatgaon)

Kingsケ
1673 - 1696 Jayasumatijitamitramalla (d. 1696)
1696 - Apr 1722 Jayabhupatindramalla (b. 1674 - d. 1722)
Apr 1722 - 13 Nov 1769 Jyaranajitamalla (b. c.1695 - d. 17..)

Kingsケ
1687 - 1700 Jayabhupalendramalla
(Jayamahipatindramalla)
1700 - 1722 Jayabhaskaramalla
(Jayamahendrasimhamalla)
1722 - 1734 Jayajagajjayamalla
1735 - 1746 Jayaprakasamalla (1st time)
1746 - 1752 Jayajyotiprakasamalla
1752 - 25 Sep 1768 Jayaprakasamalla (2nd time)

Kingsケ
1661 - 1685 Jayasrinivasamalla (d. 1687)
(styled Manigladhipati Maharajadhiraj)
1685 - 28 Oct 1705 Jayayoganarendramalla(d. 1705)
Nov 1705 - Oct 1706 Jayalokaprakasamalla(b. 1698 - d. 1706)
1706 - Mar 1709 Jayendramalla(d. 1709)
1709 Jayamahendramalla (1st time)(d. 1715)
1709 Jayaviranarasimhamalla
1709 - 21 Jan 1715 Jayamahendramalla (2nd time)(s.a.)
1715 - Jun 1716 Jayariddhinarasimhamalla(b. 1705 - d. 1716)
1717 - Jun/Aug 1722 Jayabhaskaramalla(d. 1722)
(Jayamahendrasimhamalla)
1722 - 1729 Jayayogaprakasamalla
1729 - 1745 Sri Jayavishnumalla(d. 1745)
1745 - Oct 1758 Jayarajyaprakasamalla(d. 1758)
1758 - Aug 1760 Jayavisvajitmalla(d. 1760)
1760 - 1762 Jayaprakasamalla (1st time)
1762 - 1763 Jayaranajitmalla
1763 Jayaprakasamalla (2nd time)
1764 - 1765 Dalamardana Shah
(usurper, Shah dynasty of Gorkha)
1765 - Oct 1768 Jayatejanarayanasimhamalla (d. af.1770)

Rajas
1669 - 1716 Prithvipati Shah (d. 1716)
1716 - 1742 Narabhpati Shah (b. c.1697 - d. 1742)
1742 - 25 Sep 1768 Prithvinarayana Shah (b. 1722 - d. 1775)

Kings (title Maharajadhiraja)
25 Sep 1768 - 11 Jan 1775 Prithivi Narayan Shah Deva (s.a.)
11 Jan 1775 - 17 Nov 1777 Sinha Pratap Shah Deva (b. 1751 - d. 1777)
17 Nov 1777 - 23 Mar 1799 Rana Bahadur Shah Deva (b. 1775 - d. 1806)
17 Nov 1777 - 31 Aug 1778 Maharani Rajendra Rajya Lakshmi (d. 1785)
Devi -Regent(1st time)
2 Sep 1778 - 20 Jun 1779 Bahadur Shah -Regent (1st time) (b. 1757 - d. 1797)
20 Jun 1779 - 13 Jul 1785 Maharani Rajendra Rajya Lakshmi (s.a.)
Devi -Regent(2nd time)
13 Jul 1785 - 6 Jun 1794 Bahadur Shah -Regent (2nd time) (s.a.)
23 Mar 1799 - 20 Nov 1816 Girvan Yuddha Bikram Shah Deva (b. 1797 - d. 1816)
23 Mar 1799 - Apr 1800 Maharani Raj Rajeshwari (b. c.1775 - d. 1806)
Devi (f) -Regent(1st time)
Apr 1800 - Feb 1803 Maharani Subarna Prabha (b. 1779 - d. 1806)
Devi (f) -Regent
Feb 1803 - 1804 Maharani Raj Rajeshwari (s.a.)
Devi (f) -Regent(2nd time)
1804 - 25 Apr 1806 Rana Bahadur Shah Deva -Regent (s.a.)
25 Apr 1806 - 6 Apr 1832 Maharani Lalit Tipura Sundari(b. 1794 - d. 1832)
Devi (f) -Regent
20 Nov 1816 - 12 May 1847 Rajendra Bikram Shah Deva (b. 1813 - d. 1881)
1839 - 6 Oct 1841 Maharani Samrajya Lakshmi (b. c.1814 - d. 1841)
Devi (f) -Regent
(de facto regent)
1 Jan 1843 - Nov 1846 Kancha Maharani Rajya Lakshmi (b. c.1814 - d. 1899?)
Devi (f) -Regent
(de facto regent from 6 Oct 1841)
12 May 1847 - 17 May 1881 Surendra Bikram Shah Deva (b. 1829 - d. 1881)
17 May 1881 - 11 Dec 1911 Prithivi Bir Bikram Shah Deva (b. 1875 - d. 1911)
17 May 1881 - 8 Aug 1893 Kancha Maharani Lalit Rajeshwori (b. 1854 - d. 1917)
Rajya Lakshmi Devi (f) -Regent
11 Dec 1911 - 7 Nov 1950 Tribhuvana Bir Bikram Shah Deva (b. 1906 - d. 1955)
(1st time)
(in India exile 11 Nov 1950 - 15 Feb 1951)
11 Dec 1911 - 27 Dec 1919 Maharani Revati Raman Rajya (b. 1878 - d. 1926)
LakshmiDevi Shahamam Sada
Sabhajnabtinam (f) -Regent
7 Nov 1950 - 7 Jan 1951 Gyanendra Bir Bikram Shah Deva (b. 1947)
(1st time)
7 Jan 1951 - 13 Mar 1955 Tribhuvana Bir Bikram Shah Deva (s.a.)
(2nd time)
14 Mar 1955 - 31 Jan 1972 Mahendra Bir Bikram Shah Deva (b. 1920 - d. 1972)
31 Jan 1972 - 1 Jun 2001 Birendra Bir Bikram Shah Deva (b. 1945 - d. 2001)
1 Jun 2001 - 4 Jun 2001 Dipendra Bir Bikram Shah Deva (b. 1971 - d. 2001)
4 Jun 2001 - 28 May 2008 Gyanendra Bir Bikram Shah Deva (s.a.)
(2nd time)
(regent for Dipendra 2-4 Jun 2001;
suspended from 15 Jan 2007)
15 Jan 2007 - 23 Jul 2008 Girija Prasad Koirala (b. 1925 - d. 2010) NC
(acting head of state)
Presidents
23 Jul 2008 - 29 Oct 2015 Ram Baran Yadav (b. 1947) NC
29 Oct 2015 - 13 Mar 2023 Bidhya Devi Bhandari (f) (b. 1961) CPN-UML;2018 NCP
13 Mar 2023 - Ram Chandra Poudel (b. 1944) NC
19 Apr 2023 - 30 Apr 2023 Ram Sahaya Prasad Yadav (b. 1970) Non-party
(acting for Poudel)

Chief ministers
1799 - 1804 Damodar Pande (b. 1752 - d. 1804)
1804 - 25 Apr 1806 Rana Bahadur Shah Deva (s.a.)
Apr 1806 - 1837 Bhimsen Thapa (b. 1775 - d. 1839)
1837 Rana Jang Pande (1st time) (b. 1789 - d. 1843)
Dec 1837 - Aug 1838 Ranga Nath Poudyal (1st time) (b. 1773 - d. 18..)
Aug 1838 - 1839 Puskar Shah (b. 1784 - d. 1846)
1839 - Nov 1840 Rana Jang Pande (2nd time) (s.a.)
Nov 1840 Ranga Nath Poudyal (2nd time) (s.a.)
Nov 1840 - Jan 1843 Fateh Jang Chautaria (1st time) (b. 1805 - d. 1846)
28 Nov 1843 - 17 May 1845 Madhabar Singh Thapa (b. 1798 - d. 1845)
Sep 1845 - 14 Sep 1846 Fateh Jang Chautaria (2nd time) (s.a.)
Prime ministers
15 Sep 1846 - 1 Aug 1856 Jang Bahadur Kunwar (1st time) (b. 1817 - d. 1877)Non-party
(from 5 May 1848, Jang Bahadur Kunwar Rana)
1 Aug 1856 - 25 May 1857 Bam Bahadur Kunwar Rana (acting) (b. 1818 - d. 1857) Non-party
25 May 1857 - 28 Jun 1857 Krishna Bahadur Kunwar Rana (b. 1823 - d. 1863) Non-party
(acting)
28 Jun 1857 - 25 Feb 1877 Sir Jang Bahadur Kunwar Rana (s.a.) Non-party
(2nd time)
27 Feb 1877 - 22 Nov 1885 Sir Ranaudip Singh Bahadur Rana (b. 1825 - d. 1885) Non-party
22 Nov 1885 - 5 Mar 1901 Bir Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana (b. 1852 - d. 1901) Non-party
(from 25 May 1892, Sir Bir Rana)
5 Mar 1901 - 27 Jun 1901 Deva Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana (b. 1862 - d. 1914) Non-party
27 Jun 1901 - 26 Nov 1929 Chandra Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana (b. 1863 - d. 1929) Non-party
26 Nov 1929 - 1 Sep 1932 Bhim Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana (b. 1865 - d. 1932) Non-party
(from 24 Dec 1911, Sir Bahim Rana)
1 Sep 1932 - 29 Nov 1945 Juddha Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana (b. 1875 - d. 1952) Non-party
(from 1 Jan 1917, Sir Juddha Rana)
29 Nov 1945 - 30 Apr 1948 Padma Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana (b. 1882 - d. 1961) Non-party
(from 4 Feb 1919, Sir Padma Rana)
30 Apr 1948 - 12 Nov 1951 Mohan Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana (b. 1885 - d. 1967) Non-party
(from 17 Jan 1924, Sir Mohan Rana)
16 Nov 1951 - 14 Aug 1952 Matrika Prasad Koirala (1st time) (b. 1912 - d. 1997) NC
14 Aug 1952 - 15 Jun 1953 King Tribhuvana Bir Bikram Shah (s.a.) Non-party
Deva
15 Jun 1953 - 14 Apr 1955 Matrika Prasad Koirala (2nd time) (s.a.) RP
14 Apr 1956 - 27 Jan 1956 King Mahendra Bir Bikram Shah Deva (s.a.) Non-party
27 Jan 1956 - 26 Jul 1957 Tanka Prasad Acharya (b. 1912 - d. 1992) NPP
26 Jul 1957 - 15 Nov 1957 Kunwar Indrajit Singh (b. 1906 - d. 1982) UDP
15 May 1958 - 27 May 1959 Subarna Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana (b. 1910 - d. 1977) Non-party
27 May 1959 - 15 Dec 1960 Bishweshwar Prasad Koirala (b. 1914 - d. 1982) NC
15 Dec 1960 - 2 Apr 1963 King Mahendra Bir Bikram Shah Deva (s.a.) Non-party
(1st time)
26 Dec 1960 - 23 Dec 1963 Tulsi Giri (1st time) (b. 1926 - d. 2018) Non-party
(first minister to 2 Apr 1963)
23 Dec 1963 - 26 Feb 1964 Surya Bahadur Thapa (1st time) (b. 1928 - d. 2015) Non-party
26 Feb 1964 - 26 Jan 1965 Tulsi Giri (2nd time) (s.a.) Non-party
26 Jan 1965 - 7 Apr 1969 Surya Bahadur Thapa (2nd time) (s.a.) Non-party
7 Apr 1969 - 13 Apr 1970 Kirti Nidhi Bista (1st time) (b. 1927 - d. 2017) Non-party
13 Apr 1970 - 14 Apr 1971 King Mahendra Bir Bikram Shah Deva (s.a.) Non-party
(2nd time)
13 Apr 1970 - 14 Apr 1971 Gehendra Bahadur Rajbhandari (b. 1923 - d. 1994) Non-party
(first minister) (acting)
14 Apr 1971 - 16 Jul 1973 Kirti Nidhi Bista (2nd time) (s.a.) Non-party
16 Jul 1973 - 1 Dec 1975 Nagendra Prasad Rijal (1st time) (b. 1927 - d. 1994) Non-party
1 Dec 1975 - 12 Sep 1977 Tulsi Giri (3rd time) (s.a.) Non-party
12 Sep 1977 - 30 May 1979 Kirti Nidhi Bista (3rd time) (s.a.) Non-party
30 May 1979 - 12 Jul 1983 Surya Bahadur Thapa (3rd time) (s.a.) Non-party
12 Jul 1983 - 21 Mar 1986 Lokendra Bahadur Chand (1st time) (b. 1940) Non-party
21 Mar 1986 - 15 Jun 1986 Nagendra Prasad Rijal (2nd time) (s.a.) Non-party
(acting)
15 Jun 1986 - 6 Apr 1990 Marich Man Singh Shrestha (b. 1942 - d. 2013) Non-party
6 Apr 1990 - 19 Apr 1990 Lokendra Bahadur Chand (2nd time) (s.a.) Non-party
19 Apr 1990 - 26 May 1991 Krishna Prasad Bhattarai (1st time)(b. 1924 - d. 2011) NC
26 May 1991 - 30 Nov 1994 Girija Prasad Koirala (1st time) (s.a.) NC
30 Nov 1994 - 12 Sep 1995 Man Mohan Adhikari (b. 1920 - d. 1999) CPN-UML
12 Sep 1995 - 12 Mar 1997 Sher Bahadur Deuba (1st time) (b. 1946) NC
12 Mar 1997 - 7 Oct 1997 Lokendra Bahadur Chand (3rd time) (s.a.) RPP
7 Oct 1997 - 15 Apr 1998 Surya Bahadur Thapa (4th time) (s.a.) RPP
15 Apr 1998 - 31 May 1999 Girija Prasad Koirala (2nd time) (s.a.) NC
31 May 1999 - 22 Mar 2000 Krishna Prasad Bhattarai (2nd time)(s.a.) NC
22 Mar 2000 - 26 Jul 2001 Girija Prasad Koirala (3rd time) (s.a.) NC
26 Jul 2001 - 4 Oct 2002 Sher Bahadur Deuba (2nd time) (s.a.) NC
4 Oct 2002 - 11 Oct 2002 King Gyanendra Bir Bikram Shah (s.a.) Non-party
Deva (1st time)
11 Oct 2002 - 5 Jun 2003 Lokendra Bahadur Chand (4th time) (s.a.) RPP
5 Jun 2003 - 3 Jun 2004 Surya Bahadur Thapa (5th time) (s.a.) RPP
3 Jun 2004 - 1 Feb 2005 Sher Bahadur Deuba (3rd time) (s.a.) NC
1 Feb 2005 - 30 Apr 2006 King Gyanendra Bir Bikram Shah (s.a.) Non-party
Deva (2nd time)
30 Apr 2006 - 18 Aug 2008 Girija Prasad Koirala (4th time) (s.a.) NC
18 Aug 2008 - 25 May 2009 Pushpa Kamal Dahal "Prachanda" (b. 1954) CPN-M
(1st time)
25 May 2009 - 6 Feb 2011 Madhav Kumar Nepal (b. 1953)CPN-UML
6 Feb 2011 - 29 Aug 2011 Jhalanath Nath Khanal (b. 1950) CPN-UML
29 Aug 2011 - 14 Mar 2013 Baburam Bhattarai (b. 1954) CPN-M
14 Mar 2013 - 11 Feb 2014 Khil Raj Regmi (acting) (b. 1949) Non-party
(chairman of cabinet)
11 Feb 2014 - 12 Oct 2015 Sushil Koirala (b. 1939 - d. 2016) NC
16 Jun 2014 - 22 Jul 2014 Bam Dev Gautam (b. 1944) CPN-UML
(acting for absent Koirala)
12 Oct 2015 - 4 Aug 2016 Khadga Prasad Sharma Oli (1st time)(b. 1952) CPN-UML
4 Aug 2016 - 7 Jun 2017 Pushpa Kamal Dahal "Prachanda" (s.a.) CPN-M
(2nd time)
7 Jun 2017 - 15 Feb 2018 Sher Bahadur Deuba (4th time) (s.a.) NC
15 Feb 2018 - 13 Jul 2021 Khadga Prasad Sharma Oli (2nd time)(s.a.) CPN-UML;2018-21 NCP
13 Jul 2021 - 26 Dec 2022 Sher Bahadur Deuba (5th time) (s.a.) NC
26 Dec 2022 - 15 Jul 2024 Pushpa Kamal Dahal "Prachanda" (s.a.) CPN-M
(3rd time)
15 Jul 2024 - Khadga Prasad Sharma Oli (3rd time)(s.a.) CPN-UML

British Residents
1802 - Mar 1803 William Hunter Douglas Knox (b. 1762 - d. 1829)
(East India Company resident)
1803 - 1816 Vacant
17 Apr 1816 - 1816 John Peter Boileau (acting) (b. 1790 - d. 1818)
1816 - 1829 Edward Gardner (b. 1784 - d. 1861)
1829 - 1831 Brian Houghton Hodgson (1st time) (b. 1800 - d. 1894)
(acting)
1831 - 1833 Thomas Herbert Maddock (b. 1792 - d. 1870)
1833 - 1843 Brian Houghton Hodgson (2nd time) (s.a.)
1843 - 1845 Henry Lawrence (b. 1806 - d. 1857)
1845 - 1847 John Russell Colvin (b. 1807 - d. 1857)
1847 - 1850 Charles Thoresby (b. 1793? - d. 1862)
1850 - 1852 John Cadwallader Erskine (b. 1804 - d. 1882)
1852 - 1867 George Ramsay (b. 1812 - d. 1887)
1867 - 1872 Richard Charles Lawrence (b. 1817 - d. 1896)
1872 - 1888 Charles Edward Ridgway Girdlestone (b. 1839 - d. 1889)
1888 - 1891 Edward Law Durand (b. 1845 - d. 1920)
1891 - 1899 Henry Wylie (b. 1844 - d. 1918)
1899 Archibald Mungo Muir (b. 1847 - d. 1899)
1899 - 1901 William Loch (b. 1846 - d. 1901)
1901 - 1902 Thomas Caldwell Pears (b. 1851 - d. 1921)
Mar 1902 - 1905 Charles Withers Ravenshaw (b. 1851 - d. 1935)
1905 - 1916 John Manners Smith (b. 1864 - d. 1920)
1912 - 1914 Herbert Lionel Showers (b. 1861 - d. 1916)
(acting for Smith)
1916 - Dec 1918 Steuart Farquharson Bayley (b. 1863 - d. 1938)
Dec 1918 - 1923 William Frederick Travers (b. 1870 - d. 1943)
O'Connor (from 1920, Envoy)

ケStyle of Licchavi rulers from c.1200: Rajadhiraja Paramesvara Paramabhattaraka Sri Sri N.N. Vijayarajye Nepala.

Territorial Disputes: Nepal-India joint border commission continues to work on contested sections of boundary with India, including the 400 sq km dispute over the source of the Kalapani River; the Kalapani issue resurfaced in Nov 2019 when India issued a new map showing the contested area within India's borders and then built a new road in the region through Lipulekh pass, an area controlled by India but claimed by Nepal; Nepal countered by amending its constitution and issuing its own map showing the disputed area within its borders; the countries prime ministers briefly discussed the border dispute in Apr 2022; India has instituted a stricter border regime to restrict transit of illegal cross-border activities; China may have constructed 11 buildings in Nepal's Humla region in 2021.

Party abbreviations (political parties banned 15 Dec 1960 - 19 Apr 1990): CPN-M = Communist Party of Nepal - Maoist Centre (communist, Marxist-Leninist-Maoist, Communist Party of Nepal [Maoist] 1994-2009, as Unified Communist Party of Nepal [Maoist] 2009-2016, 1994-17 May 2018, merged into NCP, restored 8 Mar 2021);CPN-UML = Nepal Kamyunist Parti - Ekikrit Marksvadi ra Leninvadi (Communist Party of Nepal-Unified Marxist-Leninist, communist, 1991-17 May 2018, merged into NCP, restored 8 Mar 2021); NC = Nepalese Congress (social-democratic, anti-Rana, est.1950);RPP = Rastriya Prajatantra Party (National Democratic Party, liberal conservative, est.1990);
- Former parties: NCP = Nepalese Communist Party (Marxist-Leninist communist, federalist, democratic centralist, merger of CPN-M and CPN-UML, 17 May 2018-8 Mar 2021, dissolved); NPP = Nepal Praja Parishad (Nepal People's Council, anti-Rana, social-democratic, 1936-1960); RP = Rastriya Praja Parishad (National People's Party, conservative, split from NC, 1952-1959); UDP = Samyukta Prajatantra Parishad (United Democratic Party, democratic monarchist, K.I. Singh personalist, 1955-1959)

c.1380 Kingdom of Mastang (Mustang) under the alternating suzerainty
of Tibet and later Jumla.
1544 - 1560 Occupied by Jumla (divided into separate districts ruled by
the three sons of Ragspa).
1740 - 1762 Vassal of Jumla.
1762 - 1765 Vassal of the Gorkha kingdom.
1765 - 1788 The vassal rulers of Lo make several unsuccessful, attempts to
re-establish their independence.
19 May 1790 Under suzerainty of Nepal (by treaty from 1802).
9 Apr 1961 State formally abolished by Nepal, but royalty continues.
5 Oct 1961 Nepal-China boundary treaty confirms inclusion within Nepal.
7 Oct 2008 Traditional kingship abolished by Nepal.

Kings (title Glo rgyal-po)
1656 - 1710 Sa-dbang dSam-grub dPal-'bar (b. c.1639 - d. 17..)
1711 - 1723 Tshe-dbang-Ihun-grub (d. bf.1725)
(Amgon Tshe-dbang-bsam-grub)
1723 - c.1728 bKra-shis-rnam-rgyal (d. c.1728)
(Krathis Namgyal)
c.1728 - c.1750 bSod-nams bsTan-'dzin dbang-rgyal (b. c.1717 - d. c.1750)
(Tenzing Anjia)
c.1728 - 1734 Nor-dzin bde-legs (d. af.1735)
dbang-mo (f) -Regent
c.1750 - 1797 dBang-rgyal-rdo-rje (Anjia Dorje) (b. c.1738 - d. 1797)
1797 - 1815 bKra-shis-s?in-po (Krathis Ningpo)
1815 - 1837 'Jam-dpal-dgra-'ldus (d. 1837)
(Jampel Traldus)
1837 - 1857 Kun-dga'-nor-bu (Kunga Norbu) (d. 1857)
1857 - 1863 'Jam-dbyangs-dban-'dus (d. 1863)
(Jamian Angdu)
1857 - 1863 rGyal-mo bKra-shis
bu-khrid (f) -Regent
1863 - 1893 dNgos-grub-dpal-'bar (d. 1893)
1863 - 1868 rGyal-mo Tshe-mchog (d. 1871)
sGrol-ma (f) -Regent
1893 - 1935 'Jam-dbyangs-dpal-'bar (d. 1935)
(Jambian Pelbar)
1935 - 1955 A-mgon-bsTan-'dzin-dgra-'dul (b. 1923 - d. 1964)
(1st time)(Angun Tenzing Trandul)
1955 - 1958 A-ngdu-s?in-po (Angdu Nyingpo) (b. 19.. - d. 1958)
1958 - 1964 A-mgon-bsTan-'dzin-dgra-'dul (s.a.)
(2nd time)
1964 - 7 Oct 2008 'Jigs-med-rdo-rje-dgra-'dul (b. 1930 - d. 2016)
(= 'Jigs-med-dpal-'bar Bista)
(Jigme Palbar Bista)