Perhaps inadvertently, they discovered the benefits of greater
swept volume in spring rifles, because their 121 generated velocities in .177 cal.
The instantaneous expansion cylinder volume (Ve) can be expressed as a function of expansion cylinder
swept volume (Vse) ,expansion cylinder dead volume(Vde) and crank angle(a).
The ascending piston compresses the air charge into two smaller cylinders, each 10% of the
swept volume via ports.
Formula 1 has standardized the engine
swept volume, energy recovery system, energy storage system, and more, and this has appeal to the manufacturers who play in that sandbox (Ferrari, Mercedes, Renault and-in 2015-Flonda).
Huge
swept volume generally goes with low operating pressure, and sure enough, water systems for closed loop chilling run well below atmospheric pressure.
The five methodologies were a digestion time approach, a consumption model approach, simple frequency of occurrence, a
swept volume model, and a plankton net method.
The second secret is that internal volume of the compression chamber--the so-called
swept volume of the piston--determines power.