supranational

Moreover, the trend could also be promoted supranationally, not only at con-federal levels between regional institutions, but also in urban contexts, where it makes sense to develop single cross-border open data platforms.

"By contrast," as Huizinga notes, "the EU's goal of creating a post-nation-state, supranationally governed world - in which nations give up key aspects of their national sovereignty to a web of international institutions that administer and enforce a body of international law - is diametrically opposed to Americans' instinctive refusal to recognize as legitimate any international organization, law, or treaty that claims any authority over Americans above the U.S.

The mutual identification and fellow-feeling among citizens which exist at a national level and give democratic legitimacy to Europe's Nation States does not exist supranationally. Democratising the EU in the absence of a European people or "demos " is therefore impossible.

But besides human rights there exist also other rights that are supranationally recognized.

(41) If the issue were left to the subnational states but for an international delegation that shifted control supranationally, then--as explored in detail below--the delegation would compromise all of the federalism values discussed in Part II.