sooting

The experiments were performed in premixed [C.sub.2][H.sub.4]/air flames at equivalence ratios [phi] in the range of 2.0-2.35, substantially above the sooting limit of [phi] [approximately equal to] 1.8 [18] and exit velocities ranging from v = 5.3 to 13.6 cm/s, resulting in temperature variations between 1600 and 1850 K.

Said, "Modeling of radiative heat transfer in 3D complex boiler with non-gray sooting media," Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer, vol.

PAUL from Hornchurch is thinking of buying a diesel but heard they are prone to sooting up.

This flame is a relatively low tendency to sooting flame, for which the commonly adopted assumption of decoupling the gas phase from soot might be justified.

"The next step will probably be something more complex, such as toluene, which is a highly sooting fuel."

If a candle or any other sooting flame really makes fullerenes on Earth, then logic suggests that stars make them too, Kroto and Smalley say.