sham
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sham
(shăm)n.
1.
a. Something false or empty that is purported to be genuine: "Because she had been so readily unfaithful, her marriage was a sham" (Alice Munro).
b. Deceitfulness or pretense: "She saw herself as a person surrounded by, living by, sham" (Alice Munro).
c. One who claims to be what he or she is not; an impostor or fraud: "He a man! Hell! He was a hollow sham!" (Joseph Conrad).
2. A decorative cover for a pillow.
adj.
Not genuine; fake: sham diamonds; sham modesty.
v. shammed, sham·ming, shams
v.tr.
To put on the false appearance of; feign: "shamming insanity to get his tormentors to leave him alone" (John Wain).
v.intr.
To assume a false appearance or character; dissemble.
[Perhaps dialectal variant of shame.]
sham′mer n.
American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fifth Edition. Copyright © 2016 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved.
sham
(ʃæm)n
1. anything that is not what it purports or appears to be
2. something false, fake, or fictitious that purports to be genuine
3. a person who pretends to be something other than he is
adj
counterfeit or false; simulated
vb, shams, shamming or shammed
to falsely assume the appearance of (something); counterfeit: to sham illness.
[C17: perhaps a Northern English dialect variant of shame]
ˈshammer n
Collins English Dictionary – Complete and Unabridged, 12th Edition 2014 © HarperCollins Publishers 1991, 1994, 1998, 2000, 2003, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2011, 2014
sham
(ʃæm)n., adj., v. shammed, sham•ming. n.
1. a spurious imitation; fraud or hoax.
2. a person who pretends or counterfeits.
3. a cover or the like: a pillow sham.
adj. 4. pretended; counterfeit: sham attacks.
5. designed, made, or used as a sham.
v.t. 6. to produce an imitation of.
7. to feign.
v.i. 8. to make a false show of something.
[1670–80]
sham′mer, n.
syn: See false.
Random House Kernerman Webster's College Dictionary, © 2010 K Dictionaries Ltd. Copyright 2005, 1997, 1991 by Random House, Inc. All rights reserved.
sham
Past participle: shammed
Gerund: shamming
| Imperative |
|---|
| sham |
| sham |
| Present |
|---|
| I sham |
| you sham |
| he/she/it shams |
| we sham |
| you sham |
| they sham |
| Preterite |
|---|
| I shammed |
| you shammed |
| he/she/it shammed |
| we shammed |
| you shammed |
| they shammed |
| Present Continuous |
|---|
| I am shamming |
| you are shamming |
| he/she/it is shamming |
| we are shamming |
| you are shamming |
| they are shamming |
| Present Perfect |
|---|
| I have shammed |
| you have shammed |
| he/she/it has shammed |
| we have shammed |
| you have shammed |
| they have shammed |
| Past Continuous |
|---|
| I was shamming |
| you were shamming |
| he/she/it was shamming |
| we were shamming |
| you were shamming |
| they were shamming |
| Past Perfect |
|---|
| I had shammed |
| you had shammed |
| he/she/it had shammed |
| we had shammed |
| you had shammed |
| they had shammed |
| Future |
|---|
| I will sham |
| you will sham |
| he/she/it will sham |
| we will sham |
| you will sham |
| they will sham |
| Future Perfect |
|---|
| I will have shammed |
| you will have shammed |
| he/she/it will have shammed |
| we will have shammed |
| you will have shammed |
| they will have shammed |
| Future Continuous |
|---|
| I will be shamming |
| you will be shamming |
| he/she/it will be shamming |
| we will be shamming |
| you will be shamming |
| they will be shamming |
| Present Perfect Continuous |
|---|
| I have been shamming |
| you have been shamming |
| he/she/it has been shamming |
| we have been shamming |
| you have been shamming |
| they have been shamming |
| Future Perfect Continuous |
|---|
| I will have been shamming |
| you will have been shamming |
| he/she/it will have been shamming |
| we will have been shamming |
| you will have been shamming |
| they will have been shamming |
| Past Perfect Continuous |
|---|
| I had been shamming |
| you had been shamming |
| he/she/it had been shamming |
| we had been shamming |
| you had been shamming |
| they had been shamming |
| Conditional |
|---|
| I would sham |
| you would sham |
| he/she/it would sham |
| we would sham |
| you would sham |
| they would sham |
| Past Conditional |
|---|
| I would have shammed |
| you would have shammed |
| he/she/it would have shammed |
| we would have shammed |
| you would have shammed |
| they would have shammed |
Collins English Verb Tables © HarperCollins Publishers 2011
ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend:
Switch to new thesaurus
Noun 1. [画像:sham - something that is a counterfeit]sham - something that is a counterfeit; not what it seems to be
fake book - a fake in the form of an imitation book; used to fill bookcases of people who wish to appear scholarly
imitation - something copied or derived from an original
Potemkin village - something that seems impressive but in fact lacks substance
2. [画像:sham - a person who makes deceitful pretenses]sham - a person who makes deceitful pretenses
beguiler, cheater, deceiver, trickster, slicker, cheat - someone who leads you to believe something that is not true
name dropper - someone who pretends that famous people are his/her friends
ringer - a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses
Verb 1. sham - make a pretence of; "She assumed indifference, even though she was seething with anger"; "he feigned sleep"
play - pretend to be somebody in the framework of a game or playful activity; "Let's play like I am mommy"; "Play cowboy and Indians"
feint - deceive by a mock action; "The midfielder feinted to shoot"
2. sham - make believe with the intent to deceive; "He feigned that he was ill"; "He shammed a headache"
misrepresent, belie - represent falsely; "This statement misrepresents my intentions"
make believe, pretend, make - represent fictitiously, as in a play, or pretend to be or act like; "She makes like an actress"
play possum - to pretend to be dead
take a dive - pretend to be knocked out, as of a boxer
talk through one's hat, bull, fake - speak insincerely or without regard for facts or truths; "The politician was not well prepared for the debate and faked it"
mouth - articulate silently; form words with the lips only; "She mouthed a swear word"
Adj. 1. sham - adopted in order to deceive; "an assumed name"; "an assumed cheerfulness"; "a fictitious address"; "fictive sympathy"; "a pretended interest"; "a put-on childish voice"; "sham modesty"
counterfeit, imitative - not genuine; imitating something superior; "counterfeit emotion"; "counterfeit money"; "counterfeit works of art"; "a counterfeit prince"
Based on WordNet 3.0, Farlex clipart collection. © 2003-2012 Princeton University, Farlex Inc.
sham
noun
1. fraud, imitation, hoax, pretence, forgery, counterfeit, pretender, humbug, impostor, feint, pseud (informal), wolf in sheep's clothing, imposture, phoney or phony (informal) Their promises were exposed as a hollow sham.
fraud original, the real thing, the genuine article, the real McCoy (or McKay)
fraud original, the real thing, the genuine article, the real McCoy (or McKay)
adjective
1. false, artificial, bogus, pretended, mock, synthetic, imitation, simulated, pseudo (informal), counterfeit, feigned, spurious, ersatz, pseud (informal), phoney or phony (informal) a sham marriage
false real, genuine, authentic, sound, true, natural, legitimate, veritable, bona fide, dinkum (Austral & N.Z. informal), unfeigned
false real, genuine, authentic, sound, true, natural, legitimate, veritable, bona fide, dinkum (Austral & N.Z. informal), unfeigned
Collins Thesaurus of the English Language – Complete and Unabridged 2nd Edition. 2002 © HarperCollins Publishers 1995, 2002
sham
noun1. A fraudulent imitation:
2. A false, derisive, or impudent imitation of something:
3. A display of insincere behavior:
Fraudulently or deceptively imitative:
1. To behave affectedly or insincerely or take on a false or misleading appearance of:
2. To take on or give a false appearance of:
Idiom: make believe.
The American Heritage® Roget's Thesaurus. Copyright © 2013, 2014 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved.
Translations
رياء، تَصَنُّع، تَمْويهزائِف، مُقَلَّديَتَظاهَر، يَدَّعي
falešnýpodvodpředstíranýpředstírat
foregivehumbuglade som om
huijatahuiputtaajäljennöspettääväärennös
fölsun, eftirlíkinglátastuppgerî, látalæti
ごまかしごまかすまがいもの
apsimetinėti
blēdībaizlikšanāsizliktiesmācību-mākslīgs
sham
[ʃæm]B. N
2. (= person) → impostor/a m/f
Collins Spanish Dictionary - Complete and Unabridged 8th Edition 2005 © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1971, 1988 © HarperCollins Publishers 1992, 1993, 1996, 1997, 2000, 2003, 2005
sham
[ˈʃæm] n
(= thing that is not genuine) → simulacre m
Their independence is a sham → Leur autonomie n'est qu'un simulacre.
They have denounced this election as a sham → Ils ont qualifié ces élections de simulacre.
Their independence is a sham → Leur autonomie n'est qu'un simulacre.
They have denounced this election as a sham → Ils ont qualifié ces élections de simulacre.
(= imposter) → imposteur m
Collins English/French Electronic Resource. © HarperCollins Publishers 2005
sham
n
(= pretence) → Heuchelei f; he’s not really sorry, it’s all a big sham → es tut ihm nicht wirklich leid, er heuchelt nur or das ist geheuchelt ; their marriage had become a sham → ihre Ehe war zur Farce geworden or bestand nur noch zum Schein ; his life seemed a sham → sein Leben erschien ihm als Lug und Trug ; this diamond is a sham → dieser Diamant ist nicht echt
(= person) → Scharlatan m; you don’t really feel anything, you big sham! → du empfindest überhaupt nichts, du Heuchler!
adj diamonds, oak etc → unecht, imitiert ; politeness etc → vorgetäuscht, geheuchelt ; person → betrügerisch ; a sham marriage → eine Scheinehe; a sham deal → ein Scheingeschäft nt; a sham battle → ein Scheingefecht nt
vi → so tun ; (esp with illness) → simulieren ; (with feelings) → heucheln ; he’s just shamming → er tut nur so
Collins German Dictionary – Complete and Unabridged 7th Edition 2005. © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1980 © HarperCollins Publishers 1991, 1997, 1999, 2004, 2005, 2007
sham
[ʃæm]1. adj (piety) → falso/a; (politeness) → finto/a; (elections) → fasullo/a; (battle, illness) → simulato/a
2. n
a. (imposture) → messinscena, finta
b. (person) → ciarlatano/a, impostore m
Collins Italian Dictionary 1st Edition © HarperCollins Publishers 1995
sham
(ʃӕm) noun something that is pretended, not genuine. The whole trial was a sham. skyn رياء، تَصَنُّع، تَمْويه преструвка farsa podvod die Täuschung humbug απάτη, ψέμα farsa, simulacro pettus ساختگي sumutus imposture; imitation מזויף कपट, ढोंग varka, prijevara csalás kepura-puraan uppgerð, látalæti finzione 見せかけ 허위, 위선 apgaulė izlikšanās; viltojums; blēdība kepura-puraan veinzerij juks, spill, bedrageri lipa شرم، پښيماني، سپكوالى، خجالت، پيكه توب farsa impostură; imitaţie притворство; подделка podvod prevara prevara humbug, bluff การปลอมแปลง taklit, göz boyama 騙局,虛假 удавання; прикидання دکھاوا sự giả bộ 哄骗,伪装
adjective pretended, artificial or false. a sham fight; Are those diamonds real or sham? nagemaak زائِف، مُقَلَّد престорен falso předstíraný; falešný vorgetäuscht, unecht skin- ψεύτικος, στημένος falso, simulado, fingido teeseldud, võlts- بدلي jäljennös faux מזויף कृत्रिम lažan, patvoren hamis pura-pura fölsun, eftirlíking falso 見せかけの 허위의, 가짜의 dirbtinis, padirbtas mācību-; mākslīgs; neīsts; viltots palsu schijn- jukse-, liksom- lipny پښيماني falso fals поддельный, фальшивый predstieraný; falošný hlinjen, ponarejen, umeten lažni låtsad, oäkta, falsk ปลอม taklit, sahte 虛偽的,造假的 фальшивий; підроблений تماشا، جھوٹ giả vờ, giả bộ 虚假的,假装的
verb – past tense, past participle shammed – to pretend (to be in some state). He shammed sleep/anger; He shammed dead; I think she's only shamming. veins يَتَظاهَر، يَدَّعي преструвам се fingir předstírat vortäuschen foregive; lade som om προσποιούμαι, καμώνομαι fingir, simular teesklema ظاهرسازي كردن tekeytyä faire semblant לְהַעֲמִיד פָּנִים दिखावा करना, ढोंग करना hiniti, pretvarati se tettet, színlel berpura-pura látast fingere, fare finta 〜のふりをする 가장하다 apsimesti, apsimetinėti simulēt; izlikties berpura-pura veinzen spille, late som udawać شرمول، سپكول، رسواكول fingir a se preface (că) притворяться, симулировать predstierať hliniti pretvarati se simulera, låtsas เสแสร้ง yalandan ...-mak 假裝 прикидатися, удавати سوانگ بھرنا giả mạo 假装
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