protonema

(redirected from protonemal)
Also found in: Medical, Encyclopedia.
Related to protonemal: protonemata

pro·to·ne·ma

(prō′tə-nē′mə)
n. pl. pro·to·ne·ma·ta (-nē′mə-tə, -nĕm′ə-)
The filamentous growth that arises following spore germination in liverworts and mosses and develops into a mature gametophyte.
[proto- + Greek nēma, thread; see (s)nē- in Indo-European roots.]
pro′to·ne′mal (-nē′məl), pro′to·ne′ma·tal (-nē′mə-təl, -nĕm′ə-) adj.
American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fifth Edition. Copyright © 2016 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved.

protonema

(ˌprəʊtəˈniːmə)
n, pl -nemata (-ˈniːmətə)
(Botany) a branched threadlike structure that grows from a moss spore and eventually develops into the moss plant
[C19: from New Latin, from proto- + Greek nēma thread]
ˌprotoˈnemal, protonematal adj
Collins English Dictionary – Complete and Unabridged, 12th Edition 2014 © HarperCollins Publishers 1991, 1994, 1998, 2000, 2003, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2011, 2014

pro•to•ne•ma

(ˌproʊ təˈni mə)

n., pl. -ma•ta (-mə tə)
a threadlike structure produced by the germination of the spore in mosses and certain liverworts, developing into a leafy plant.
[1855–60; < Greek prōto- proto- + nêma thread]
pro`to•ne′mal, adj.
Random House Kernerman Webster's College Dictionary, © 2010 K Dictionaries Ltd. Copyright 2005, 1997, 1991 by Random House, Inc. All rights reserved.
References in periodicals archive ?
patens (Pp) MurA, PpMurE, PpMraY, PpDdl, or PpPbp genes resulted in the appearance of a few macrochloroplasts in each protonemal cell, in contrast to wild-type plant cells, which have approximately 50 chloroplasts, suggesting that these Mur genes, including Ddl and Pbp, are related to plastid division in moss.
Both the transglycosylase and transpeptidase functions in plastid penicillin-binding protein are essential for plastid division in Physcomitrella patens
The protonemal stages exhibit tip growth and an axially oriented system of microtubules, whereas the three dimensional gametophores exhibit growth from an apical cell/meristem and have cells with hooplike cortical arrays and PPBs prior to mitotic cell division (Doonan et al., 1987; Doonan & Duckett, 1988).
Sporogenesis in bryophytes: patterns and diversity in meiosis
Full browser ?