New 17-Methyl-13-Octadecenoic and 3,16-Docosadienoic Acids from the Sponge
Polymastia penicillus.
Remarks.--Not to be confused with the senior homonym
Polymastia pacifica Lambe 1893.
It is synonymous to supernumerary breast, ectopic breast and
polymastia. Accessory breasts have the potential to undergo both benign and non-benign transformations as normal breast tissue.
Supernumerary nipple (Polythelia) and supernumerary breast (
Polymastia) are common anomalies of breast.
Anomalies associated with breast development are common, presenting as supernumerary nipples (polythelia) and less often as supernumerary breast (
polymastia) in 1-5% of population.
Familial polythelia over three generations with
polymastia in the youngest girl.
The species Petromica citrina, Amphimedon viridis, Desmapsamma anchorata, Chondrosia sp.,
Polymastia janeirensis, Tedania ignis, Aplysina fiulva, Mycale angulosa, Hymeniacidon heliophila, Dysidea etheria, Tethya rubra, and Tethya maza were frozen and freeze-dried before extraction with acetone or dichloromethane.
Previous surveys have described the sponge biodiversity and abundance in the study area (Berman et al., 2008; Berman and Bell, 2010), and from these data we selected seven of the most common and widespread sponge species: Dysidea sp., Haliclona sp., Plakina sp.,
Polymastia sp., Tethya bergyuistae (Hooper and Wiedenmayer, 1994), Leu-cetta sp., and Leucosolenia echinata (Kirk, 1893).
Other breast anomalies are accessory nipples (polythelia) and accessory mammary glands (
polymastia); these are believed to arise from an incomplete regression of the milk lines that arise embryologically [11].
Dr Bijlani said among the most common deformities is accessory breast tissue or
Polymastia. "It is usually diagnosed at puberty or during pregnancy when the accessory breast tissue develops along with the normal breasts.
Surgical treatment is performed as a prophylaxis against breast cancer which has a higher prevalence in polythelia or
polymastia. We describe a case of a young woman with polythelia in the right breast.