The role of large mammalian predators in limiting these herbivores is informed by evidence from predator
exclosures.
Third, we calculated amount of additional biomass produced by logging operations during winter and assessed herbivory impact on summer vegetation using data from inside and outside ungulate
exclosures. Large-scale forage models are crucial for exploring mechanisms driving ungulate-vegetation interactions (Riggs et al.
We selected random sites, constructed
exclosures within them, and compared them with randomly selected areas open to herbivory.
For example, in studying the value of grazing animal
exclosures in restoring degraded drylands in Tigray, Ethiopia, Birhane et al.
Conversion of communal grazing lands into
exclosures restored soil properties in the semi-arid lowlands of Northern Ethiopia.
In late May, Semel placed two 20-by-40 inch
exclosures around the nests so the plovers could walk in and out and raccoons and other predators can't get in.
Examining ecological consequences of feral horse grazing using
exclosures. Western North American Naturalist 60:236-254.
They noted that coyote removal on small parcels of land is very difficult, and used a computer model to simulate the impacts of construction of four 100-acre
exclosures to keep coyotes out.
To expedite habitat restoration, refuge biologist Jonathan Moczygemba has partnered with the University of Texas at Brownsville to explore the use of tree tubes, herbivore
exclosures, and the removal of non-native grass species that compete for water and soil nutrients.
Fencing deer out of areas and over time comparing plant composition and growth inside versus outside these
exclosures proved it.