However, compared to other described Pisonia species, the anthocarp anatomy is somewhat different, as the fruits are not ribbed (slightly sulcate when immature) and lack glands or warts.
Anthocarp, diclesium, or fruit elliptic, 10-12 * 7-8 mm, rounded at base, finely velutinous, coriaceous, indehiscent, with several parallel longitudinal lines, suggesting ancestral ribs; each fruit one-seeded, seed pisiform, 6-7 mm in diameter, black.
Kaye (1999) discovered that removing the achene from the winged portion of the anthocarp and then subjecting the achene to alternating temperatures and photoperiods resulted in the highest percentage of germination.
MATERIALS AND METHODS--Abronia macrocarpa produces a dispersal unit, termed an anthocarp, which consists of a dry, papery, winged structure formed by the fusedcalyx base that encases the fruit proper, which is an achene.
In cold-stratified and warm-cold-stratified treatments, removal of seeds from the anthocarp resulted in increased germination.
macrocarpa germinate while still encased in the winged portion of the anthocarp. Although, this winged structure aids in dispersal to some degree, we believe a primary function is to prevent the achene from becoming buried too deeply in the sandy soil.
The fruit is a 4-winged indehiscent anthocarp, elliptical in outline, square in cross section, with cordate base and apex.
Anthocarp polymorphism and anatomy for nine species of Abronia found in California.
Anthocarp dispersibility and its ecological implications for nine species of Abronia.
Like nearly all other Nyctaginaceae, the fruit is an achene, surrounded by an "anthocarp," a persistent accessory fruit that develops from the lower part of the uniseriate perianth.
All but one of the unmodified flowers in the control group produced a mature anthocarp filled with a normal achene, indicating that with a combination of self-pollination and outcrossing, T.
The proportion of anthocarps developing a mature achene were determined for each treatment and compared using a generalized linear model with logit link function (McCulloch and Searle, 2001) to determine whether there was a significant difference in proportion of mature achenes developed under each treatment.