Fractural

As viewed from the causes, fault, and fracture are different fractural structures of rocks with different cracking degrees and displacement under the effect of a uniform, tectonic stress field.

where [[sigma].sub.1] is the maximum principle stress (MPa), [[sigma].sub.3] is the minimum principle stress (MPa), [phi] is the fractural angle ([degrees]), and [f.sub.c0] is the uniaxial compressive strength (Pa).

[17] have calculated the fractural dimension of the crumb structure using the Shifting Differential Box Counting Method ([FD.sub.SDBC]) using ImageJ software which corresponds to the 2D gray level crumb images by the slope of the least-squares linear regression of the log (box count) versus log (box size) plot and by (6), where "N" is the number of boxes and "r" is the length of the side of box.

The combination of hard carbide particles and a tough metallic binder creates a perfect cutting material with high wear resistance and fractural toughness.