For instance, face-to-face deliberation experience could help individuals not only build stronger political self-confidence (Morrell, 2005) and develop greater political interest (Gastil,
Deess, Weiser, & Simmons, 2010) but also spark more news use and active involvement in political talks and civic engagement (Knobloch & Gastil, 2015) as well as higher levels of electoral participation (Jacobs, Cook, & Delli Carpini, 2009).
(46.) MARTA NELSON, PERRY
DEESS & CHARLOTTE ALLEN, VERA INST.,
Elliot, Norbert, Alex Rudniy, Perry
Deess, Andrew Klobucar, Regina Collins, and Sharla Sava.
Illuminating this issue, Nelson,
Deess, and Allen (1999) followed men during their first 30 days after release from prison to identify themes in the men's reentry experience and barriers to successful reentry they faced.
These costs are felt not only through direct spending by state and federal corrections departments, but they are also felt in indirect ways through assistance programs (Nelson,
Deess, & Allen 1999; Petersilia, 2003).
These problems were clearly presented in a study by the Vera Institute of Justice in New York City, which illustrated issues confronting inmates released from prison, such as finding a job, alcohol and drug abuse, continued involvement in crime, and the impact of parole supervision (Nelson,
Deess and Allen, 1999).
As Gastil,
Deess, and Weiser (2002) suggest, deliberation processes make political participation possible: When citizens engage in political debate, they develop civic attitudes and motivations that enable deeper engagement in political affairs (Gutmann & Thompson, 2009).
Deess identify the International Criminal Court (ICC) as one important institutional context where democratic values and institutional legitimacy could potentially be fostered through establishing a role for the deliberative global "micro-publics" embodied in citizens' juries.
We focused on the first three months after release because that is a critical period in the transition from prison to the community (Lynch & Sabol, 2001; Maruna, 2001; Nelson,
Deess, & Allen, 1999).