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cer·tain·ty

(sûr′tn-tē)
n. pl. cer·tain·ties
1. The fact, quality, or state of being certain, especially:
a. Inevitability: the certainty of death.
b. The quality of being established as true: the certainty that the earth orbits the sun.
c. Confidence; assurance: his certainty that things would get better.
2. Something that is clearly established or assured: "On the field of battle there are no certainties" (Tom Clancy).
American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fifth Edition. Copyright © 2016 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved.

certainty

(ˈsɜːtəntɪ)
n, pl -ties
1. the condition of being certain
2. something established as certain or inevitable
3. for a certainty without doubt
Collins English Dictionary – Complete and Unabridged, 12th Edition 2014 © HarperCollins Publishers 1991, 1994, 1998, 2000, 2003, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2011, 2014

cer•tain•ty

(ˈsɜr tn ti)

n., pl. -ties.
1. the state of being certain.
2. something certain; an assured fact.
[1250–1300; Middle English < Anglo-French]
Random House Kernerman Webster's College Dictionary, © 2010 K Dictionaries Ltd. Copyright 2005, 1997, 1991 by Random House, Inc. All rights reserved.

Certainty

  1. Absolute as a miser’s greed —Anon
  2. An absolute, like the firmness of the earth —Tom Wolfe
  3. Almost as predictable as the arrival of solstice and equinox —Russell Baker, New York Times/Observer, September 17, 1986

    Baker’s comparison referred to Chief-Justice-to-be William Rehnquist’s judicial opinions.

  4. As certain as a gun —Samuel Butler
  5. As certain as beach traffic in July —Anon
  6. As certain as bodies moved with greater impulse, progress more rapidly than those moved with less —Voltaire
  7. As certain as death and taxes —Daniel Defoe

    Often attributed to Benjamin Franklin, the simile continues to be popular, with many humorous twists such as “Certain as death and hay-fever,” used in Philip Barry’s 1923 play, You and I.

  8. As certain as dye penetrates cotton —Daniela Gioseffi

    The simile, from a poem, continues with “The orange is a part of the living animal.”

  9. As certain as end-of-the season inventories —Anon
  10. As certain as June graduates scanning the want ads —Anon
  11. As certain as leaves falling in September —Anon
  12. As certain as lines at return counters after Christmas —Anon
  13. As certain as rise of taxi meter —Anon
  14. As certain as that a crooked tree will have a crooked shadow —Anon
  15. As certain as that bread crumbs will attract a flock of pigeons —Anon
  16. As certain as that leaves will fall in autumn —Anon
  17. As certain as that night succeeds the day —George Washington
  18. As certain as that your shadow will follow you —Anon
  19. As certain as the morning —Thomas Wolfe
  20. As certain as the sunrise —Anon
  21. As certain as thunderclap following lightning —Anon
  22. As certain as wrinkles —Anon
  23. As certainly as day follows day —Anon
  24. As certainly as Segovia had been born to finger a fretboard or Willie Mays to swing a bat —T. Coraghessan Boyle
  25. As inevitable as a dog at a hydrant —Anon
  26. As inevitable as the turning of the earth on which you stand —Harvey Swados
  27. As sure as a club —Mary Hedin
  28. As sure as a goose goes barefoot —American colloquialism, attributed to Northeast
  29. As sure as a tested hypothesis —Lorrie Moore
  30. As sure as a wheel is round —American colloquialism
  31. As sure as behave and misbehave —John Ciardi
  32. As sure as day —William Shakespeare
  33. As sure as death —William Shakespeare
  34. As sure as death —Ben Jonson

    Jonson’s use of this simile in Every Man in His Humor if not the first, is certainly one of the earliest encountered.

  35. As sure as meat will fry —American colloquialism, attributed to Southeast
  36. As sure as rain —Ben Ames Williams

    A more specific variation of this is “Sure as rain in April.”

  37. As sure as shooting —Anon

    This common expression probably stems from the no longer used “Sure as a gun,” variously attributed to the poet John Dryden and the playwright William Congreve.

  38. Sure as shooting —American colloquialism
  39. As sure as snakes crawl —American colloquialism, attributed to Midwest
  40. As surely as that two ends of a seesaw cannot both be elevated at the same time —Alexander Woolcott
  41. As surely as the eye tends to be long-sighted in the sailor and shortsighted in the student —Herbert Spencer
  42. As surely as the harvest comes after the seedtime —John Brown
  43. As surely as the tree becomes bulky when it stands alone and slender if one of a group —Herbert Spencer
  44. As surely as water will wet us, as surely as fire will burn —Rudyard Kipling
  45. As unpreventable as blinking your eyes when a light flashes suddenly —Anon
  46. Certain things will follow inevitably, just like a little trail of horseshit behind a fat old draught horse —George Garrett
  47. Definite as a counter-signed contract —Anon
  48. Inevitable as a comet’s return —Marge Piercy
  49. Inevitable as noon —Thomas Wolfe
  50. Inevitable as the snick of a mouse-trap —Carl Sandburg
  51. Inevitable … like a stone rolling down a mountain —Mary Gordon
  52. Predictable as a physical law —Charles Johnson
  53. (The man was as) predictable as rainwater seeking a low spot —William Beechcroft
  54. Predictable as the prints left by a three-legged dog —Sharon Sheehe Stark
  55. Predictable as the arrival of Monday morning —Harry Prince
  56. Predictable as the menu at charity dinner —Anon
  57. Predictable, like a diplomatic reception —A. Alvarez
  58. Secure as an obituary in the Times —Marge Piercy
  59. So predictable … just like tuning in the same radio station every night —Lee Smith

    A character in Smith’s novel, The Last Day the Dogbushes Bloomed, uses this simile to describe a dull suitor.

  60. A sweet and sure annuity; it’s like taking a bath at Fort Knox —Moss Hart

    This line from Light Up the Sky likens a national tour for an ice show to sure-fire success.

Similes Dictionary, 1st Edition. © 1988 The Gale Group, Inc. All rights reserved.

Certainty

bet one’s boots To be absolutely sure or certain of something. The reference is to a gambler (perhaps a cowboy, whose boots are among his most important possessions) so sure of winning that he will bet everything he owns, including his boots. The phrase appeared in 1856 in Spirit of Times. Similar expressions are bet one’s life and bet one’s bottom dollar.

dead to rights Indisputably, unquestionably; positively, assuredly; usually in the phrases have someone dead to rights or caught dead to rights, in which it is equivalent to ‘in the act, red-handed’ Attempts to explain the origin of this American colloquial expression are frustrating and futile. Dead appears to be used in its meaning of ‘absolutely, utterly’; but the equivalent British expression bang to rights suggests something closer to ‘directly, precisely.’ The context of wrongdoing in which the phrase always appears in early citations indicates that to rights may relate to the rights of the guilty party, but the theory does not withstand careful analysis. The OED suggests a connection between the to rights of the phrase and the obsolete to rights ‘in a proper manner,’ but no citations contain analogous syntactic constructions. Despite its refusal to yield an elucidating explanation, dead to rights has been a commonly used expression since the mid-1800s.

dollars to doughnuts A sure thing, a certainty; usually in the phrase bet you dollars to doughnuts, in use since 1890. Although the precise origin of this expression is unknown, it obviously plays on the value of a dollar contrasted with the relative small worth of a doughnut, which once cost 5¢. Anyone willing to wager dollars to doughnuts is confident of winning his bet. One use of the expression apparently referred to the declining value of the dollar:

Dollars to doughnuts is a pretty even bet today. (Redbook, 1947)

eat one’s hat To admit willingness to “eat one’s hat” is to express certainty and confidence, and to be ready to abase one-self should things not turn out as one had anticipated. Should such cocksureness prove ill-founded, “eating one’s hat” would be analogous to “eating crow” or “eating one’s words.” The first use of this expression is attributed to Charles Dickens in The Pickwick Papers (1837).

If I knew as little of life as that, I’d eat my hat and swallow the buckle whole.

Of British origin, eat one’s hat is currently popular in the United States as well.

eggs is eggs Surely, definitely, absolutely, without a doubt. Usually used as an interjection or in the phrase sure as eggs is eggs, this British colloquialism is probably a humorous twist or an ignorant mispronunciation of “X” in the familiar algebraic equation, “X is X.”

[After examining me] the doctor shook his head and said, “Eggs is eggs.” (Johnny Carson, on The Tonight Show, NBC Television, 1978)

far and away Absolutely, incomparably, easily, undoubtedly; by far. Used to increase the intensity of a superlative adjective, this expression implies that there are no competitors or contenders within reach of this description.

You are far and away the greatest scoundrel I ever saw. (William E. Norris, Thirlby Hall, 1883)

hands down See EFFORTLESSNESS .

in spades Definitely, emphatically, to the utmost degree; without restraint or qualification; no ifs, ands, or buts. This expression connoting extremeness derives from the fact that spades are the highest suit in some card games. In spades is used as an intensifier, as in the following citation from Webster’s Third:

[I] have thought him a stinker, in spades, for many years (Inez Robb)

in the bag Assured, certain. The most plausible and frequent explanation holds that the reference is to game which has been killed and bagged, i.e., put in the gamebag. One source claims a cockfighting origin for the term; since a live gamecock is literally brought to the pits in a bag, for the owner confident of victory, “It’s in the bag.”

lead-pipe cinch An absolute certainty; a certain success; something that is easily accomplished; a piece of cake. In this expression, cinch refers to a saddle girth, the beltlike strap used to secure the saddle on a horse. If the cinch were tight enough, the rider did not have to worry about the saddle’s slipping; in fact, it was a certainty that the saddle would stay in place. Although the rationale for the inclusion of “leadpipe” in this expression is unclear, it is possible that the relative ease with which lead for (waste) plumbing could be worked (compared with cast iron) gave rise to lead-pipe as an intensifier.

It is a double-barrelled lead-pipe cinch that you’ll be more anxious to get it back than you ever were about a 10ドル loan overdue. (Outing, July, 1921)

on ice See ABEYANCE.

shoo-in A candidate, athlete, team, or other competitor considered to be a sure winner; the favorite. This expression employs the verb phrase to shoo-in ‘to cause to go into’ as a noun.

In the [Republican presidential] preferential poll, Taft looked like a shoo-in over Stassen. (AP wire story, May 13, 1952)

sure as shooting Certainly without a doubt, most assuredly. This colloquialism of American origin appeared in print by the mid-1800s. It was probably a cowboy expression referring to one’s need for sure ‘accurate’ shooting to avoid being shot dead in turn.

Sure as shootin’ … one of these days one of my customers will be coming in and telling me he caught a fish with one of your jackets. (Field and Stream, June 19, 1947)

Picturesque Expressions: A Thematic Dictionary, 1st Edition. © 1980 The Gale Group, Inc. All rights reserved.
ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend:
Noun 1. certainty - the state of being certain; "his certainty reassured the others"
cognitive state, state of mind - the state of a person's cognitive processes
confidence, self-assurance, self-confidence, sureness, assurance, authority - freedom from doubt; belief in yourself and your abilities; "his assurance in his superiority did not make him popular"; "after that failure he lost his confidence"; "she spoke with authority"
certitude, cocksureness, overconfidence - total certainty or greater certainty than circumstances warrant
reliance, trust - certainty based on past experience; "he wrote the paper with considerable reliance on the work of other scientists"; "he put more trust in his own two legs than in the gun"
doubt, doubtfulness, dubiety, dubiousness, incertitude, uncertainty - the state of being unsure of something
2. certainty - something that is certain; "his victory is a certainty"
quality - an essential and distinguishing attribute of something or someone; "the quality of mercy is not strained"--Shakespeare
cert - an absolute certainty; "it's a dead cert"
ineluctability, unavoidability - the quality of being impossible to avoid or evade
inevitability, inevitableness - the quality of being unavoidable
surety - something clearly established
indisputability, indubitability, unquestionability, unquestionableness - the quality of being beyond question or dispute or doubt
moral certainty - certainty based on an inner conviction; "she believed in the importance of moral absolutes and moral certainty"; "the prosecutor had a moral certainty that the prisoner was guilty"
predictability - the quality of being predictable
slam dunk - something that is a sure to occur; a foregone conclusion; "predicting his success was a slam dunk"
uncertainness, uncertainty, precariousness - being unsettled or in doubt or dependent on chance; "the uncertainty of the outcome"; "the precariousness of his income"
Based on WordNet 3.0, Farlex clipart collection. © 2003-2012 Princeton University, Farlex Inc.

certainty

noun
1. confidence, trust, faith, conviction, assurance, certitude, sureness, positiveness, authoritativeness I have said with absolute certainty that there will be no change of policy.
confidence doubt, uncertainty, disbelief, scepticism, qualm, indecision, unsureness
2. inevitability There is too little certainty about the outcome yet.
inevitability uncertainty
3. fact, truth, reality, sure thing (informal), surety, banker A general election became a certainty three weeks ago.
Quotations
"In this world nothing is certain but death and taxes" [Benjamin Franklin]
"If a man will begin with certainties, he shall end in doubts; but if he will be content to begin with doubts, he shall end in certainties" [Francis Bacon The Advancement of Learning]
Collins Thesaurus of the English Language – Complete and Unabridged 2nd Edition. 2002 © HarperCollins Publishers 1995, 2002

certainty

noun
1. The fact or condition of being without doubt:
2. A clearly established fact:
The American Heritage® Roget's Thesaurus. Copyright © 2013, 2014 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved.
Translations
أَمْرٌ مُؤَكَّدٌيَقينيَقِيـن
jistotajistá věc
sikkerhedvished
varmuus
izvjesnost
vissa
確実なこと
확실성
gotovostzanesljivost
säkerhet
ความแน่นอน
kesinlik besbellikesin
sự chắc chắn

certainty

[ˈsɜːtəntɪ] N
1. (no pl) (= conviction) → certeza f, seguridad f
I can't say with any certainty that this will happenno puedo decir con ninguna certeza or seguridad que esto vaya a suceder
2. (= sure fact) faced with the certainty of disasterante la seguridad or lo inevitable del desastre
we know for a certainty thatsabemos a ciencia cierta que ...
it's a certaintyes cosa segura
there are no certainties in modern Europeen la Europa moderna no hay nada seguro, pocas cosas son seguras en la Europa moderna
there is no certainty that they will be aliveno existe la seguridad or la certeza de que vayan a estar vivos
Collins Spanish Dictionary - Complete and Unabridged 8th Edition 2005 © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1971, 1988 © HarperCollins Publishers 1992, 1993, 1996, 1997, 2000, 2003, 2005

certainty

[ˈsɜːrtənti] n [knowledge] → certitude f
(= sure thing) to be a certainty → être certain
Collins English/French Electronic Resource. © HarperCollins Publishers 2005

certainty

n
(= sure fact)Gewissheit f; to know for a certainty that ...mit Sicherheit wissen, dass ...; he was faced with the certainty of defeater sah seiner sicheren Niederlage entgegen; his success is a certaintyer wird mit Sicherheit Erfolg haben, sein Erfolg ist gewiss ; the ultimate certainty of deathdie letztliche Gewissheit des Todes ; there are no certainties in modern Europein einem modernen Europa ist nichts gewiss ; will it happen? — yes, it’s a certaintywird das passieren? — ja, mit Sicherheit ; it’s a certainty that ...es ist absolut sicher, dass ...
no pl (= conviction)Gewissheit f, → Sicherheit f
Collins German Dictionary – Complete and Unabridged 7th Edition 2005. © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1980 © HarperCollins Publishers 1991, 1997, 1999, 2004, 2005, 2007

certainty

[ˈsɜːtəntɪ] ncertezza
faced with the certainty of disaster → di fronte al sicuro disastro
we know for a certainty that ... → sappiamo per certo che...
Collins Italian Dictionary 1st Edition © HarperCollins Publishers 1995

certain

(ˈsəːtn) adjective
1. true or without doubt. It's certain that the world is round. seker مُؤَكَّد сигурен certo jistý sicher sikker αληθινός, αδιαμφισβήτητος cierto vaieldamatu مسلم؛ بی تردید tosi certain ודאי, בטוח निश्चित siguran, nedvojben biztos pasti einhver, nokkur certo, indubbio 確かな 의심 없는 tikras drošs; nešaubīgs pasti zeker sikker, viss pewny يقينى، متيقن: ټاكلى: داعتمادوړ: نه تيريدونكى certo sigur несомненный istý nedvomen izvestan sann ซึ่งแท้จริง kuşkusuz, şüphesiz 千真萬確的,無疑的 певний, відомий سچ ، بلا شک و شبہ đích xác 确凿的,无疑的
2. sure. I'm certain he'll come; He is certain to forget; Being late is a certain way of losing one's job. seker مُتَأَكِّد убеден seguro jistý, zaručený sicher sikker βέβαιος seguro kindel مطمئن varma certain בטוח पक्का siguran biztos yakin viss, öruggur sicuro 確かな 확실한 tikras, įsitikinęs drošs; noteikts mesti zeker sikker, viss, overbevist om pewny متیقن seguro sigur уверенный istý prepričan; zanesljiv siguran säker ที่มั่นใจ emin, hiç kuşkusuz, kesin 確信的 упевнений یقینی chắc chắn 确信的
3. one or some, not definitely named. certain doctors; a certain Mrs Smith; (also pronoun) certain of his friends. seker معيّن، ما известен certo jakýsi, nějaký; někdo bestimmt vis; bestemt κάποιος cierto teatav, mõningad یکی از؛ برخی از määrätty certain מישהו असंदिग्ध određen, neki bizonyos seorang tiltekinn, viss, ákveðinn certo; qualche, qualcuno ある 어떤 kažkoks, kažkuris kāds; zināms seorang zeker, bepaald viss, bestemt pewien د برخه certo anumit некоторый; некий nejaký; niekto neki; nekateri izvesni viss ไม่มีชื่อเฉพาะ bir, bazı, kimi 某個或某些 певний کوئی ، کوئی ایک nào đó 某个或某些
4. slight; some. a certain hostility in his manner; a certain amount. seker قَليل някакъв certo jistý, určitý gewiß vis σχετικός, κάποιος cierto teatav کم؛ اندک tietynasteinen certain מסוים कुछ neki egy kevés sedikit viss, nokkur certo ある程度の 어느 정도의 tam tikras, kažkoks zināms tertentu zeker viss pewien لږ certo anumit некоторый istý določen određeni viss บางอย่าง biraz, bir miktar 一些 якийсь قدرے ، تھوڑا سا phần nào 一些
ˈcertainly adverb
1. definitely. I can't come today, but I'll certainly come tomorrow. sekerlik, beslis بالتَّأكيد определено certamente určitě, jistě bestimmt helt sikkert; helt bestemt σίγουρα seguro kindlasti حتماً؛ یقیناً varmasti certainement בְּוַדַאי निश्चित रूप से zacijelo, dakako biztosan pasti vissulega, áreiðanlega certamente 確かに 확실히 tikrai noteikti pastinya zeker sikkert, bestemt na pewno حتمن de certeza sigur непременно určite gotovo svakako bestämt, otvivelaktigt อย่างแน่นอน mutlaka, kesinlikle 一定 звичайно یقیناً chắc chắn 一定
2. of course. You may certainly have a chocolate. natuurlik طَبْعا، بالتَّأكيد разбира се certamente samozřejmě natürlich selvfølgelig βεβαίως desde luego, por supuesto muidugi مسلماً tietenkin certainement ללא ספק अवश्य svakako föltétlenül tentu vissulega, að sjálfsögðu certamente きっと 물론 žinoma protams sudah tentu natuurlijk visst, selvfølgelig naturalnie مسلماَ certamente bineînţeles конечно samozrejme seveda svakako naturligtvis อย่างแน่นอน elbette, tabiî, kuşkusuz, şüphesiz 當然 неодмінно بے شک ، یقیناً tất nhiên 当然
interjection
of course. `May I borrow your typewriter?' `Certainly!'; `Certainly not!' ja, seker طَبْعاً! естествено certamente ovšem aber natürlich selvfølgelig φυσικά! (επιφ.) por supuesto muidugi البته totta kai certainement בוודאי निश्चित रूप से svakako hogyne! tentu saja Auðvitað, að sjálfsögðu certo!; no di certo! もちろん 물론 žinoma protams! sudah pasti natuurlijk klart !; så gjerne!; selvfølgelig!; ja visst! bezwzględnie خامخا certamente bine­­­­înţeles конечно iste(že), pravdaže seveda Naravno naturligtvis, absolut อย่างแน่นอน tabiî, hay hay, memnuniyetle 當然 звичайно قطعاً tất nhiên 当然
ˈcertaintyplural ˈcertainties noun
1. something which cannot be doubted. It's a certainty that he will win. sekerheid أَمْرٌ مُؤَكَّدٌ несъмнен факт certeza jistá věc die Sicherheit vished; sikkerhed βεβαιότητα certeza, seguridad kindel asi یقین؛ اطمینان itsestäänselvyys certitude ודאות निस्संदेह sigurnost, izvjesnost bizonyosság kepastian vissa certezza, cosa certa 確実なこと 확실성 tikras daiktas, neabejotinas dalykas drošība; noteiktība tanpa ragu-ragu zekerheid sikkerhet, visshet pewność, pewnik اطمينان، خاطرجمعى حقيقى، ايقان certeza несомненный факт istá vec gotovost izvesnost någonting säkert, en given sak ความแน่นอน besbelli, kesin 必然發生的事 безперечний факт تیقن ، یقینی بات điều chắc chắn 必然的事情
2. freedom from doubt. Is there any certainty of success? sekerheid يَقين убеденост certeza jistota die Gewißheit vished; sikkerhed βεβαιότητα certeza kindlus قطعیت varmuus certitude בִּטָחוֹן निश्चितता sigurnost bizonyosság keyakinan vissa sicurezza 確実性 의심의 여지없이 tikrumas pārliecība kepastian zekerheid sikkerhet, visshet pewność ازادى، خپلواكى، استقلال اختيار، سپينوالى (دلهجى صراحت): اسانتيا certeza certitudine уверенность istota zanesljivost izvesnost visshet สิ่งที่แน่นอน kesinlik 毫無疑問,確定性 упевненість بلا شبہ sự tin chắc 亳无疑问,确定的事
for certain
definitely. She may come but she can't say for certain. vir seker بِالتَّأكيد със сигурност com certeza najisto, určitě ganz sicher bestemt; med sikkerhed σίγουρα con certeza, con toda seguridad kindlalt بدون شک؛ قطعاً varmasti avec certitude בְּווַדַאוּת निश्चित sigurnost biztosan dengan keyakinan með vissu di sicuro 確かに 확실히 tikrai droši; noteikti semestinya met zekerheid med sikkerhet, sikkert na pewno صریح com certeza (în mod) sigur наверняка určite zagotovo sasvim sigurno säkert, med säkerhet อย่างชัดเจน kesin olarak 肯定地 впевнено یقیناً بالیقین hoàn toàn chắc chắn 肯定地
make certain
to act so that, or check that, something is sure. Make certain you arrive early; I think he's dead but you'd better make certain. seker maak يَتَأكَّد уверявам се assegurar-se ujistit se, přesvědčit se sich vergewissern sikre sig βεβαιώνομαι asegurar (millegi eest) hoolt kandma, üle kontrollima مطمئن شدن؛ اطمینان به عمل آوردن varmistaa s'assurer que לְווַדֵא निश्चित करना sigurnost megbizonyosodik vmiről memastikan ganga úr skugga um assicurarsi, accertarsi 確かめる 확실히 하다 pa(si)tikrinti, daryti taip, kad būtum tikras pārliecināties pastikan zorgen forsikre seg om upewniać się ډاډ وركول، ذمه وهل، علم راوړل، اعتباري كول، يقيني كول، يقيني ګڼل، پرغاړه اخستل، بيمه كول ter a certeza a se asigura (că) удостовериться uistiť sa, presvedčiť sa prepričati se uveriti se förvissa sig om อย่างชัดเจน garantiye almak, emin olmak 確定 упевнитися в чомусь یقینی بنانا kiểm tra lại 弄清楚
Kernerman English Multilingual Dictionary © 2006-2013 K Dictionaries Ltd.

certainty

يَقِيـن jistota sikkerhed Gewissheit βεβαιότητα certeza varmuus certitude izvjesnost certezza 確実なこと 확실성 zekerheid visshet pewność certeza определенность säkerhet ความแน่นอน kesinlik sự chắc chắn 确定
Multilingual Translator © HarperCollins Publishers 2009
References in periodicals archive ?
"On average, when the probability of winning a lottery is only 5 percent, our subjects' certainty equivalent is greater than the expected value of the lottery, which is consistent with overweighting the small probability of winning," they report.
We regress subjects' Task-4 (5) PR-equivalent on gender, Task-3 (1) performance, Task-2-to-3 performance improvement, Task-3 (1) self-rank, the lottery certainty equivalent, and a task-order dummy.
A recent retiree, however, faces a sequence of periods over which uncertainty will apply when making decisions concerning annuities, and in this context no analytical solution to the certainty equivalent problem exists.
Substituting equations (7) and (17) in equations (6) and (16), the optimal certainty equivalent in each situation is computed as follows:
A nice property of the LEN model is the fact that it is possible to formulate the rider's utility in terms of the certainty equivalent. This transformation simplifies the team manager's maximization problem by reformulating the participation and incentive constraint with the help of the certainty equivalent.
2 and 5, the certainty equivalent of each insurance firm, which is indicated by [CE.sub.i], can be derived (3):
Nevertheless, the certainty equivalent, in this case, converges to the risk free rate as the relative aversion grows bigger.
* Certainty Equivalent Cash Flow Valuation: Strategic plans should be accompanied by financial model analyses that assess their expected consequences for future cash flows and valuation.

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