Early analysts mistakenly attributed antimasonry to "an impassioned, leveling attack by members of the Tower classes' against the village and urban aristocracy." (60) The antimasonic movement was, in reality, concentrated in the oldest, richest Whig-dominated townships along the newly opened Erie Canal, and its leaders included some of western New York's most prominent creditors and land speculators; these were the men who controlled the large land companies (such as the Ogden, Holland, Genesee, and Pulteney land companies in New York and the Western Reserve in Ohio) that held the mortgages of large numbers of poor farmers in New York and Ohio.
Hence some, such as the Patriot newspaper publisher Underbill, were less Masons ("I have taken one and only one degree in masonry, and that I paid no further attention thereto") than anti-Antimasons ("truly as I feared [Masonry] and quietly as I gave it up I am greatly deceived if I have not ten thousand times the cause for fear in political antimasonry ...
(58.) Ronald Formisano & Kathleen Kutolowski, "Antimasonry and Masonry: The Genesis of Protest, 1826-1827," American Quarterly 29 (Summer 1977): 139-165.
Rupp, "Parties and the Public Good: Political Antimasonry in New York Considered," Journal of the Early Republic 8 (Autumn 1988): 256.
In his political and social associations Stevens joined with anti-Jacksonian factions to embrace temperance,
antimasonry, nativism, and, finally, antislavery.