Selected Reports
Unilateral Diaphragmatic Paralysis Following Bronchial Artery Embolization for Hemoptysis

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Bronchial artery embolization is an effective treatment for patients with hemoptysis . Serious complications are rare, but may occur if the arterial supply to other structures is compromised. We present a case of unilateral diaphragmatic paralysis following bronchial artery embolization in a patient with cystic fibrosis. We believe that the diaphragmatic paralysis was due to the inadvertent obstruction of the left pericardiacophrenic artery during the embolization procedure, with compromise of the phrenic nerve blood supply. This resulted in a significant loss of lung function in our patient, who did not recover despite the subsequent return of diaphragmatic function.

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Case Report

A 29-year-old woman with cystic fibrosis and severe cystic bronchiectasis presented with recurrent hemoptysis. There was a 2-year history of minor hemoptysis < 50 mL in association with exacerbations of her bronchiectasis, and there was an episode of recurrent hemoptysis of between 50 and 200 mL for 4 days that had resolved with rest and IV antibiotics.
She presented with further hemoptysis, having hemorrhages of between 200 and 300 mL on 3 consecutive days, and underwent bronchial angiography

Discussion

Recent studies have shown that major hemoptysis in people with cystic fibrosis can be safely and effectively treated with bronchial artery embolization, with immediate control of hemoptysis in 84 to 100% of those treated.2, 3, 4 Apart from chest pain, fever, and transient dysphagia, no significant complications have been reported in these studies.
Unilateral diaphragmatic paralysis is often asymptomatic, but up to 24% of people with this condition experience persistent shortness of breath,5

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Copyright © 2000 The American College of Chest Physicians. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.