Benchmarks

The results below can only give a rough estimate of the resources necessary for using certain library functions. There is a number of factors which can both increase or reduce the effort required:

  • Expenses for preparation of operands and their stack are not considered.
  • In the table, the size includes all additional functions (for example, function to multiply two integers) but they are only linked from the library.
  • Expenses of time of performance of some functions essentially depend on parameters of a call, for example, qsort() is recursive, and sprintf() receives parameters in a stack.
  • Different versions of the compiler can give a significant difference in code size and execution time. For example, the dtostre() function, compiled with avr-gcc 3.4.6, requires 930 bytes. After transition to avr-gcc 4.2.3, the size become 1088 bytes.

A few of libc functions.

Avr-gcc version is 4.7.1

The size of function is given in view of all picked up functions. By default Avr-libc is compiled with -mcall-prologues option. In brackets the size without taking into account modules of a prologue and an epilogue is resulted. Both of the size can coincide, if function does not cause a prologue/epilogue.

Function Units Avr2 Avr25 Avr4
atoi ("12345") Flash bytes
Stack bytes
MCU clocks 82 (82)
2
155 78 (78)
2
149 74 (74)
2
149
atol ("12345") Flash bytes
Stack bytes
MCU clocks 122 (122)
2
221 118 (118)
2
219 118 (118)
2
219
dtostre (1.2345, s, 6, 0) Flash bytes
Stack bytes
MCU clocks 1116 (1004)
17
1247 1048 (938)
17
1105 1048 (938)
17
1105
dtostrf (1.2345, 15, 6, s) Flash bytes
Stack bytes
MCU clocks 1616 (1616)
38
1634 1508 (1508)
38
1462 1508 (1508)
38
1462
itoa (12345, s, 10) Flash bytes
Stack bytes
MCU clocks 110 (110)
2
879 102 (102)
2
875 102 (102)
2
875
ltoa (12345L, s, 10) Flash bytes
Stack bytes
MCU clocks 134 (134)
2
1597 126 (126)
2
1593 126 (126)
2
1593
malloc (1) Flash bytes
Stack bytes
MCU clocks 768 (712)
6
215 714 (660)
6
201 714 (660)
6
201
realloc ((void *)0, 1) Flash bytes
Stack bytes
MCU clocks 1284 (1172)
18
305 1174 (1064)
18
286 1174 (1064)
18
286
qsort (s, sizeof(s), 1, cmp) Flash bytes
Stack bytes
MCU clocks 1252 (1140)
42
21996 1022 (912)
42
19905 1028 (918)
42
17541
sprintf_min (s, "%d", 12345) Flash bytes
Stack bytes
MCU clocks 1224 (1112)
53
1841 1092 (982)
53
1694 1088 (978)
53
1689
sprintf (s, "%d", 12345) Flash bytes
Stack bytes
MCU clocks 1614 (1502)
58
1647 1476 (1366)
58
1552 1454 (1344)
58
1547
sprintf_flt (s, "%e", 1.2345) Flash bytes
Stack bytes
MCU clocks 3228 (3116)
67
2573 2990 (2880)
67
2311 2968 (2858)
67
2311
sscanf_min ("12345", "%d", &i) Flash bytes
Stack bytes
MCU clocks 1532 (1420)
55
1607 1328 (1218)
55
1446 1328 (1218)
55
1446
sscanf ("12345", "%d", &i) Flash bytes
Stack bytes
MCU clocks 2008 (1896)
55
1610 1748 (1638)
55
1449 1748 (1638)
55
1449
sscanf ("point,color", "%[a-z]", s) Flash bytes
Stack bytes
MCU clocks 2008 (1896)
86
3067 1748 (1638)
86
2806 1748 (1638)
86
2806
sscanf_flt ("1.2345", "%e", &x) Flash bytes
Stack bytes
MCU clocks 3464 (3352)
71
2497 3086 (2976)
71
2281 3070 (2960)
71
2078
strtod ("1.2345", &p) Flash bytes
Stack bytes
MCU clocks 1632 (1520)
20
1235 1536 (1426)
20
1177 1480 (1480)
21
1124
strtol ("12345", &p, 0) Flash bytes
Stack bytes
MCU clocks 918 (806)
22
956 834 (724)
22
891 792 (792)
28
794

Math functions.

The table contains the number of MCU clocks to calculate a function with a given argument(s). The main reason of a big difference between Avr2 and Avr4 is a hardware multiplication.

Function Avr2 Avr4
__addsf3 (1.234, 5.678) 113 108
__mulsf3 (1.234, 5.678) 375 138
__divsf3 (1.234, 5.678) 466 465
acos (0.54321) 4411 2455
asin (0.54321) 4517 2556
atan (0.54321) 4710 2271
atan2 (1.234, 5.678) 5270 2857
cbrt (1.2345) 2684 2555
ceil (1.2345) 177 177
cos (1.2345) 3387 1671
cosh (1.2345) 4922 2979
exp (1.2345) 4708 2765
fdim (5.678, 1.234) 111 111
floor (1.2345) 180 180
fmax (1.234, 5.678) 39 37
fmin (1.234, 5.678) 35 35
fmod (5.678, 1.234) 131 131
frexp (1.2345, 0) 42 41
hypot (1.234, 5.678) 1341 866
ldexp (1.2345, 6) 42 42
log (1.2345) 4142 2134
log10 (1.2345) 4498 2260
modf (1.2345, 0) 433 429
pow (1.234, 5.678) 9293 5047
round (1.2345) 150 150
sin (1.2345) 3353 1653
sinh (1.2345) 4946 3003
sqrt (1.2345) 494 492
tan (1.2345) 4381 2426
tanh (1.2345) 5126 3173
trunc (1.2345) 178 178

Generated on Sat Jan 29 2022 00:24:04 for avr-libc by   doxygen 1.8.14

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