Help:Formatting
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You can format your text by using wiki markup. This consists of normal characters like asterisks, apostrophes, or equal signs which have a special function in the wiki, sometimes depending on their position. For example, to format a word in italic, you include it in two pairs of apostrophes like ''this''
.
Text formatting markup
Description | You type | You get |
---|---|---|
Character (inline) formatting – applies anywhere | ||
Italic text | ''italic'' |
italic |
Bold text | '''bold''' |
bold |
Bold and italic | '''''bold & italic''''' |
bold & italic |
Escape wiki markup | <nowiki>no [[wiki]] ''markup''</nowiki> |
no [[wiki]] ''markup'' |
Section formatting – only at the beginning of the line | ||
Section Headings of different levels | == Level 2 == === Level 3 === ==== Level 4 ==== ===== Level 5 ===== ====== Level 6 ======
|
Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5Level 6 |
Horizontal rule | Text before ---- Text after |
Text before Text after |
Bullet list |
* Start each line * with an [[Wikipedia:asterisk|asterisk]] (*). ** More asterisks give deeper *** and deeper levels. * Line breaks <br>don't break levels. *** But jumping levels creates empty space. Any other start ends the list. * combine bullet list ** with definition ::- definition ** creates empty space * combine bullet list ** with definition *:- definition ** without empty spaces *bullet list :- definition :* sublist that doesn't create empty :* spaces after definition |
Any other start ends the list.
|
Numbered list |
# Start each line # with a [[Wikipedia:Number_sign|number sign]] (#). ## More number signs give deeper ### and deeper ### levels. # Line breaks <br>don't break levels. ### But jumping levels creates empty space. # Blank lines # end the list and start another. Any other start also ends the list. <nowiki>#</nowiki> use "nowiki" tags to display a literal (#) at the beginning of a line without interpreting it as a numbered list. |
Any other start also ends the list. # use "nowiki" tags to display a literal (#) at the beginning of a line without interpreting it as a numbered list. |
Definition list | ;item 1 : definition 1 ;item 2 : definition 2-1 : definition 2-2 At the end of the line, if the line begins with a semicolon (;), any inserted colon (:) will not be displayed. If you want for the colon to be displayed, escape it by writing
: . |
|
Indent text | : Single indent :: Double indent ::::: Multiple indent This workaround may harm accessibility.
|
|
Mixture of different types of list | # one # two #* two point one #* two point two # three #; three item one #: three def one # four #: four def one #: this looks like a continuation #: and is often used #: instead <br> of <nowiki><br></nowiki> # five ## five sub 1 ### five sub 1 sub 1 ## five sub 2 The usage of
#: and *: for breaking a line within an item may also harm accessibility. |
|
Preformatted text | Start each line with a space. Text is '''preformatted''' and ''markups'' '''''can''''' be done. This way of preformatting only applies to section formatting. Character formatting markups are still effective.
|
Start each line with a space. Text is preformatted and markups can be done. |
Preformatted text blocks | <nowiki>Start with a space in the first column, (before the <nowiki>). Then your block format will be maintained. This is good for copying in code blocks: def function(): """documentation string""" if True: print True else: print False</nowiki> |
Start with a space in the first column, (before the <nowiki>). Then your block format will be maintained. This is good for copying in code blocks: def function(): """documentation string""" if True: print True else: print False |
Paragraphs
MediaWiki ignores single line breaks. To start a new paragraph, leave an empty line. You can force a line break within a paragraph with the HTML tag <br />
.
HTML tags
Some HTML tags are allowed in MediaWiki, for example <code>
, <div>
, and <span>
. These apply anywhere you insert them.
Description | You type | You get |
---|---|---|
Inserted (Displays as underline in most browsers) |
<ins>Inserted</ins> or <u>Underline</u> |
(追記) Inserted (追記ここまで) or Underline |
Deleted (Displays as strike-through in most browsers) |
<s>Strike-through</s> or <del>Deleted</del> |
or
|
Fixed width text | <code>Source code</code> |
Source code
|
Blockquotes | Text before <blockquote>Blockquote</blockquote> Text after If the quote contains multiple paragraphs the tags need to be on separate lines to display properly, i.e.:
<blockquote> First paragraph. Second paragraph. </blockquote> |
Text before
Text after |
Quotes | <q>This is a quotation</q> The q element must not be used in place of quotation marks that do not represent quotes; for example, it is inappropriate to use the q element for marking up sarcastic statements.[1]
|
This is a quotation |
Comment | <!-- This is a comment -->
Comments are visible only
in the edit zone.
|
Comments are visible only in the edit zone. |
Completely preformatted text | <pre> Text is '''preformatted''' and ''markups'' '''''cannot''''' be done </pre> For marking up of preformatted text, check the "Preformatted text" entry at the end of the previous table.
|
Text is '''preformatted''' and ''markups'' '''''cannot''''' be done |
Customized preformatted text | <pre style="color: red"> Text is '''preformatted''' with a style and ''markups'' '''''cannot''''' be done </pre> A CSS style can be named within the
style attribute. |
Text is '''preformatted''' with a style and ''markups'' '''''cannot''''' be done |
continued:
Description | You type | You get |
---|---|---|
Default preformatted text has a CSS attribute (white-space: pre-wrap; ) to wrap the text according to available width
|
<pre> This long sentence is used to demonstrate text wrapping. This additional sentence makes the text even longer. This additional sentence makes the text even longer. </pre> |
This long sentence is used to demonstrate text wrapping. This additional sentence makes the text even longer. This additional sentence makes the text even longer. |
Customized preformatted text with disabled text wrapping | <pre style="white-space: pre;"> This long sentence is used to demonstrate text wrapping. This additional sentence makes the text even longer. This additional sentence makes the text even longer. </pre> |
This long sentence is used to demonstrate text wrapping. This additional sentence makes the text even longer. This additional sentence makes the text even longer. |
The full list of recognized tags is given on Help:HTML in wikitext .
Inserting symbols
Symbols and other special characters not available on your keyboard can be inserted in a multitude of ways. Many operating systems and browsers allow to insert special characters through a menu option or operating system panel. Additionally, you can use the WikiEditor or VisualEditor to insert them into the edit screen.
As a last resort, you can use a special sequence of characters. Those sequences are called HTML character references. For example:
- the rightwards arrow symbol (
→
) can be displayed using the→
sequence - an em dash (
—
) can be displayed using—
.
Description | You type | You get |
---|---|---|
Copyright symbol | © |
|
Greek delta letter symbol | δ |
|
Euro currency symbol | € |
|
See the list of all HTML entities on the Wikipedia article List of HTML entities. Additionally, MediaWiki supports two non-standard entity reference sequences: &רלמ;
and &رلم;
which are both considered equivalent to ‏
which is a right-to-left mark. (Used when combining right to left languages with left to right languages in the same page.)
HTML tags and symbol entities displayed themselves (with and without interpreting them)
&euro;
→ €
<span style="color: red; text-decoration: line-through;">Typo to be corrected</span>
→ Typo to be corrected
<span style="color: red; text-decoration: line-through;">Typo to be corrected</span>
→ <span style="color: red; text-decoration: line-through;">Typo to be corrected</span>
Nowiki for HTML
<nowiki />
can prohibit (HTML) tags:
- <<nowiki/>pre> → <pre>
But not & symbol escapes:
- &<nowiki/>amp; → &
To print & symbol escapes as text, use "&
" to replace the "&" character (eg. type "&nbsp;
", which results in "
").
Other formatting
Beyond the text formatting markup shown hereinbefore, here are some other formatting references:
- Links
- Lists
- Images
- LanguageConverter markup – see Writing systems/Syntax
- References – see Extension:Cite
- Tables
- Collapsible elements
You can find more references at Help:Contents .