The major and minor axes of an ellipse are diameters (lines through the center) of the ellipse. The major axis is the longest diameter and the minor axis the shortest. If they are equal in length then the ellipse is a circle. Drag any orange dot in the figure above until this is the case.
Each axis is the perpendicular bisector of the other. That is, each axis cuts the other into two equal parts, and each axis crosses the other at right angles.
The focus points always lie on the major (longest) axis, spaced equally each side of the center. See Foci (focus points) of an ellipse
Recall that an ellipse is defined by the position of the two focus points (foci) and the sum of the distances from them to any point on the ellipse. (See Ellipse definition and properties). Referring to the figure above, if you were drawing an ellipse using the string and pin method, the string length would be a+b, and the distance between the pins would be f.