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Trois Études de concert – Trois caprices poétiques, S144

composer
Franz Liszt (1811-1886)
circa 1848

The Trois Études de concert—or Trois Caprices poétiques as they were called in the second edition—are merely numbered I, II and III in the manuscript. A later French edition bears an Italian title for each piece and, however appropriate they may seem, exactly whence these titles come remains a mystery. They may well have nothing to do with Liszt himself, although they were in use during his lifetime and employed in at least two editions prepared by Liszt’s students within the master’s lifetime, and thus might have had his nodded approval. In any event, it is by these Italian titles that these admired studies are universally known. II Lamento is an extended piece with a capricious introduction which returns at the close. The main body of the work presents, extends and varies a lyrical theme, which continues with a sequential development allowing the most far-reaching modulations before the most ardent climax returns the music to the original A flat major, and a rather gentle series of concluding variations.

La Leggierezza (‘Lightness’) also begins a capriccio, but quickly finds its main material in a very simple single line in each hand, and the unusual tempo direction ‘Quasi allegretto’ (which is almost always ignored in performance in favour of something more frenetic). Like the other pieces in this set, it is monothematic, but the contours of the original theme must be sensed more than observed under the delicate decoration with which it is subsequently varied. Liszt’s quiet ending did not seem sufficiently applause-gathering to the great Polish pedagogue (but very minor composer) Theodor Leschetizky (1830–1915). He embellished the piece with a new coda which used to be regularly adopted in concert. With best respects, the present writer prefers not to be a hostage to those that already find Liszt vulgar (and how this conclusion is reached specifically for Liszt without embracing many another prolific Renaissance man—Haydn, for example?—is itself a conundrum, although Liszt’s music has frequently been performed vulgarly enough), and Liszt’s gentle Picardie cadence is retained here.

Un Sospiro (‘A sigh’) is the best known of the set, and was much taught by Liszt in his later years. The felicity with which, in a single work, Liszt took the speciality of Sigismund Thalberg (1812–1871)—the technical sleight of hand whereby a melody is surrounded or supported by arpeggios such that an impression of three hands at the keyboard is given—and ennobled it once and for always with one of his finest melodic inspirations has kept this piece in demand from the beginning. (For the benefit of anyone who has not seen this piece performed, it should be mentioned that the melody notes are taken by left and right hand in turn whilst both hands maintain the flowing accompaniment.) In his masterclasses Liszt took to adding a cadenza at the fermata before the return of the theme in the home key—where it is ever more cleverly divided between the thumbs whilst the accompaniment manages to travel far and wide in both hands. The cadenza that he wrote for Auguste Rennebaum in 1875 is included at this point, but, because it would be a pity not to have them, the cadenzas that he wrote for Henrik Gobbi (date unknown) and for Lina Schmalhausen (1885) are included by way of an optional preamble. Lina Ramann preserved Liszt’s late alternative coda in the Liszt-Pädagogium, and this text is adopted here. Liszt at once preserves the mediant progressions of the transition sections of the etude in the ascending right hand whilst introducing a descending whole-tone scale in the left.

from notes by Leslie Howard © 1996

Recordings

Liszt: Complete Piano Music
CDS44501/9899CDs Boxed set + book (at a special price) — Download only
Leslie Howard’s recordings of Liszt’s complete piano music, on 99 CDs, is one of the monumental achievements in the history of recorded music. Remarkable as much for its musicological research and scholarly rigour as for Howard’s Herculean piano p ...» More
Frederic Lamond - The complete Liszt recordings, HMV/Electrola 1919-36
APR5504Download only
‘I suggest you look in this particular disc for something of Lamond’s greatness’ (MusicWeb International)» More
Liszt: The complete music for solo piano, Vol. 38 - Les Préludes
CDA67015Last few CD copies remaining
‘A rewarding collection, very well played and recorded’ (The Penguin Guide to Compact Discs)
'Prueba evidente del absoluto dominio y comprensión musical que posee el intérprete de la obra del compositor hungaro' (CD Compact, Spain)
» More
Harold Bauer - The complete recordings
APR73023CDs Download only
Gramophone» More
Egon Petri - The complete Columbia and Electrola solo and concerto recordings
APR77017CDs Download only
Egon Petri (1881-1962) studied with Busoni and was perhaps his greatest disciple. In his fusion of intellect with an astonishing virtuoso technique he echoed his master and gives us today the clearest idea of Busoni’s own legendary pianism.» More
Eileen Joyce - The complete Parlophone & Columbia solo recordings
APR75025CDs Download only
‘Listening to Joyce is strangely addictive. One cannot wait, as it were, to read the next chapter. She shares with Kreisler and Tauber the same unteac ...
‘The quality that comes across in these performances is the sheer joy of playing. Joyce possessed a formidable technique and an interpretative mind th ...
» More
Liszt: Marc-André Hamelin plays Liszt
CDA66874
‘The virtuosity with which all this is despatched is exceptional’ (BBC Record Review)
‘There are few living pianists who can match him in dexterity, power and daring. For heart-thumping virtuosity Hamelin is in a class of his own’ (Clas ...
» More
Liszt: The complete music for solo piano, Vol. 56 - Rarities, Curiosities, Album Leaves and Fragments
CDA67414/74CDs for the price of 3 — Download only
‘As a guide to this cornucopia Leslie Howard could hardly be bettered’ (BBC Music Magazine)
‘All kinds of fascinating morsels … there is much here to interest any admirer of this remarkable and prolific composer’ (The Penguin Guide to Co ...
» More
Louis Kentner – The pioneering Liszt recordings, Vol. 2
APR5614Download only
'Excellently transferred from 78s dating from 1939-59, this selection ranges from Liszt’s early exuberance to the grim-faced austerity of his final ye ...
BBC Music Magazine
» More
Paderewski - His earliest recordings
APR60062CDs for the price of 1 — Download only
Simon Barere – His celebrated live recordings at Carnegie Hall, Vol. 5 - Rachmaninov's Piano Concerto No 2 & appendices
APR5625Download only
'The fifth and final volume of Simon Barere’s live Carnegie Hall performances includes a fascinating, typically vertiginous performance of Rachmaninov ...» More
Simon Barere - The complete HMV recordings 1934–1936
APR60022CDs for the price of 1 — Download only
Liszt: Piano Music
LISZT12CDs Super-budget price sampler — SOLD OUT!

Details

No 1 in A flat major: Il lamento
Track 2 on CDA67015 [9'26] Last few CD copies remaining
Track 2 on CDS44501/98 CD6 [9'26] 99CDs Boxed set + book (at a special price) — Download only
No 2 in F minor: La leggierezza
Track 3 on CDA67015 [5'33] Last few CD copies remaining
Track 3 on CDS44501/98 CD6 [5'33] 99CDs Boxed set + book (at a special price) — Download only
Track 3 on APR5622 [4'21] Download only
Track 1 on APR6002 CD1 [3'52] 2CDs for the price of 1 — Download only
Track 8 on APR5625 [3'56] Download only
Track 17 on APR6006 CD2 [4'53] 2CDs for the price of 1 — Download only
Track 5 on APR5614 [4'42] Download only
Track 5 on APR7502 CD2 [4'17] 5CDs Download only
No 3 in D flat major: Un sospiro
Track 3 on CDA66874 [4'55]
Track 2 on APR5622 [4'36] Download only
Track 17 on APR7302 CD1 [4'38] 3CDs Download only
Track 11 on APR7302 CD3 [5'06] 3CDs Download only
Track 10 on APR7701 CD2 [4'30] 7CDs Download only
Track 3 on APR5504 [3'56] Download only
Track 4 on APR5504 [4'35] Download only
Track 5 on APR5504 [4'23] Download only
Track 17 on APR5504 [4'34] Download only
No 3 in D flat major: Un sospiro, with cadenza and revised coda
Track 5 on CDA67015 [5'50] Last few CD copies remaining
Track 5 on CDS44501/98 CD6 [5'50] 99CDs Boxed set + book (at a special price) — Download only
Track 1 on LISZT1 CD1 [5'50] 2CDs Super-budget price sampler — SOLD OUT!
No 3bis in D flat major: [two short cadenzas]
Track 4 on CDA67015 [0'44] Last few CD copies remaining
Track 4 on CDS44501/98 CD6 [0'44] 99CDs Boxed set + book (at a special price) — Download only
No 3ter: Un sospiro, two further cadenzas
Track 9 on CDA67414/7 CD3 [0'29] 4CDs for the price of 3 — Download only
Track 9 on CDS44501/98 CD87 [0'29] 99CDs Boxed set + book (at a special price) — Download only

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