This manual is for swbis (version 1.13, 24 Jul 2014), which is an implementation of the POSIX System Administration Standard – Part 2: Software Administration IEEE Std 1387.2-1995 (ISO/IEC 15068-2) (both now withdrawn) and the Open Group Specification CAE C701. Currently, most of the the standard is implemented. Most notably the implementation lacks the ability to operate on packages with multiple fileset or products. There are extensions for package authentication using GNU Privacy Guard. Extensions to the standard are indicated as such in this document.
Copyright © 2008,2014 Jim Lowe
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, with the Front-Cover Texts being “A GNU Manual,” and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a) below. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled “GNU Free Documentation License.”(a) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: “You have freedom to copy and modify this GNU Manual, like GNU software. Copies published by the Free Software Foundation raise funds for GNU development.”
The first step in package signing is to obtain GNU Privacy Guard and its command line program gpg. The next step is to invoke it directly to test your gpg configuration. The gpg program is invoked by swpackage with the following options:
gpg --no-tty --no-secmem-warning --armor --passphrase-fd 3 -sb -o -
The --passphrase-fd and --no-tty options would not be used if running the gpg utility from the command line. The option swpackage --gpg-name option maps to gpg --local-user option and the swpackage --gpg-path option maps to gpg --homedir option. The default id to sign and home directory depends on gpg's defaults, the default home directory is is usually ~/.gnupg.
If you experience difficulty signing a test file using gpg then consult the gpg manual, since configuring gpg is outside the scope of swbis.
Once you know swpackage works without signing enabled simply invoke it with the additional option --sign and possibly --gpg-name=YOUR_ID and --gpg-path=PATH. swpackage should ask for your passphrase. Note that the --sign turns on --archive-digests automatically since a package is not fully verifiable without archive digests.
Other swpackage options you may which to use are --files and --file-digests.
For example:
swpackage -Wsign,files,gpg-name="Test User" -s PSF @->/dev/null
There are defaults file options which can be set to your preferences. The command line options always override the the defaults file settings.
swpackage.swbis_file_digests = "true" # true or false swpackage.swbis_files = "false" # true or false swpackage.swbis_sign = "false" # true or false swpackage.swbis_gpg_name = swpackage.swbis_gpg_path = "~/.gnupg" swpackage.swbis_signer_pgm = "GPG"
In addition, signed packages can be created using the ad-hoc extension utility swign. It was designed especially to create signed POSIX packages of free software source packages.
The operational constraints for using swign are that every file in the current directory is packaged, all files have the same ownerships, the archive will have a single leading package directory equal to the current directory name, and the package will contain the catalog directory. Other than the additional catalog directory, the package can be identical to the non-POSIX package created with tar.
swign is designed to be fail safe. swign uses swpackage and GNU tar as tools in a fashion such that all data copied to the user is generated by GNU tar from a file list generated by swpackage. Therefore, there is no chance the archive is corrupt, and because of sanity checks on the file list using existing GNU file system utilities, little to no chance of missing data.
swign requires GNU tar version 1.13.25 or 1.14 or 1.15.x. Using a version other than these will produce a valid archive, but the signature may not be valid.
swign packages all the files in the current directory, makes the path name prefix the name of the current directory, and all the files will have the same ownerships. These constraints are suited to GNU and Unix free software source packages.
Creating a signed package with swign is easy. Just change directory to the directory you want to archive, verify the documented side-effect of removing and replacing a directory name catalog is not a problem. If your directory has a file named catalog (that is not a POSIX exported catalog) that belongs to your data set you must rename it. For better or worse 'catalog' is a keyname of the POSIX standard.
Then type:
swign -o 0 -o 0 --show-psf -or- swign --show-psfto show the internally PSF to stdout. It tries to make a reasonable PSF using the name of the current directory. You can supply you own PSF from a file or on standard input like this
swign -o 0 -o 0 --show-psf | swign -s - --show-psfNow, make a package for real.
swign -o 0 -o 0 --show-psf | swign -u "My GPG Name" @->../my_new_signed_tarballswign writes to stdout. You must redirect the archive to a more useful file.
You could verify it like this:
swign -u "My GPG Name" @- | swverify -d @- -or like this- swverify -d @:../my_new_signed_tarball
If a checkdigest script is included then you should unpack the package at a new location and run 'swverify –checksig "."' in the new location. See Providing a checkdigest script.
Creating a signed directory is actually the first step that swign does when creating a signed archive. Using the -S simply causes swign to exit early.
Aside:
This feature exposes a regression test constraint, namely that the byte stream generated by 'swpackage' and installed by 'tar' is identical to the byte stream generated by GNU 'tar' from the newly installed 'catalog' directory.
To sign the directory, and then verify it:
swign -S; swverify -d @.
This produces the output:
swign: Generating the catalog and installing with tar... swpackage: Warning: exclude definition source [catalog] does not exist. Enter Password: swverify: GPG signature verified. swverify: checkdigest script not found swverify: Package authenticity not confirmed.
For more information about the 'checkdigest' script: See (swbis_swverify)IMPLEMENTATION EXTENSION DISTRIBUTOR SCRIPTS, and See (swbis_swverify)Verifying the Directory Form of a Distribution.
Swign can be used to sign any directory using the file ownerships of the source files. The following commands act as a test of swpackage's ability to generate an archive identical to GNU tar. (Note: checkdigest.sh is found in ./bin of the source distribution.)
swign -D $HOME/checkdigest.sh -u "Test User" -o "" -g "" -S; swverify -d @.
swverify is affected by the following environment variables: SWPACKAGEPASSFD, SWPACKAGEPASSPHRASE, GNUPGHOME, and GNUPGNAME. For more information: (See (swbis_swpackage)ENVIRONMENT.)
The checkdigest script is a distributor extension script. Only the swbis implementation of swverify knows how to use it. An example file is found in the swbis source package.
You need to supply a checkdigest script only if you wish your customers to be able to verify the directory form (i.e. unpacked archive) of a POSIX package. There are constraints on the usefulness of this script which are the same as when attempting to verify manually. See (swbis_swverify)Verifying a POSIX Distribution Directory Manually. It is not used when verifying the archive file form. Also, since it should only use non-swbis standard GNU tools and is a shell script, it does not do anything that the end user could not do themselves.
The script is included in the package one of two ways: using the -D option of the swign command or by specifying in a PSF to be processed by swpackage. The syntax for referencing from a PSF is:
checkdigest < /path/name/to/your/checkdigest.sh
This line should be added in the distribution object of the PSF.
Here is a target to put in your Makefile.am (This example was tested with Automake version 1.9):
# Provide am__remove_distdir ourselves since am__remove_distdir may be a
# private automake variable.
sw_am__remove_distdir = \
{ test ! -d $(distdir) \
|| { find $(distdir) -type d ! -perm -200 -exec chmod u+w {} ';' \
&& rm -fr $(distdir); }; }
dist-swbis: distdir
(cd $(distdir) && swign -s PSF.in --name-version=$(distdir) @-) | GZIP=$(GZIP_ENV) gzip -c>$(distdir).tar.gz
$(sw_am__remove_distdir)
An example invocation using the environment controls:
(SWPACKAGEPASSFD="agent"; GNUPGNAME="Your Name"; make dist-swbis)
The PSF.in should employ the replacement strings '%__tag' and '%__revision' as in this example PSF.in (See (swbis_swign)SAMPLE SOURCE PACKAGE PSF.)
In summary, the swbis supports network-transparent package management but is restricted to packages with a single fileset and product. It has utilities for stand-alone creation of tarballs with meta-data including embedded GPG signatures. There exists also the ability to translate dpkg, rpm, and slackware directly into POSIX format.
swpackage is the most complete utility. It implements all of the ISO/IEC 15068-2 features of the Product Specification File, the input file of swpackage. swpackage can create packages with multiple filesets and products even though the the other utilities cannot operate on them.
swpackage can create POSIX tar archives with a POSIX file layout with an embedded GPG signature and payload digest (md5 and sha1). This capability is mature and safe, but for those who are paranoid about using a new tool to create archives of your data, there is swign. swign signs the current working directory, presumably a directory containing your source tree, and then uses tar to emit the archive. The result is a package, created by GNU tar, which looks like a source tar archive with a leading directory. The archive has the ./catalog/ directory which contains the package metadata, GPG signature and digests which are stored as separate regular files, and as ascii text of course.
Below is more detail about current capabilities.
Command: swinstall can install, make dependency downdate and reinstall checks.
Command: swcopy
swcopy is missing many features specified in the POSIX spec. Several degenerative basic features work and can be useful. It can unpack compressed tar archives handling compression transparently. It can copy directories from host to host. It can be used as a copying tool for arbitrary data, however this is not its intended application. Unfortunately, many of its intended uses don't work yet.
Command: swinstall or swcopy
swcopy can translate RPMs to a tar archive. This is useful for installing the contents of a source RPM into a single directory.
swinstall can install a RPM as a POSIX package (i.e by translating first).
Command: swpackage
swpackage is at a beta release level. It supports all Product Specification File (PSF) features in the IEEE spec.
Command: swverify
swverify is used to verify the payload digests and GPG signature (if any) of a POSIX package (i.e. tar archive in POSIX format). swverify also is used for verification of installed software.
Command: swremove
swremove is used to remove installed software.
Command: swlist
swlist is used to list information about the installed software.
Command: swconfig
swconfig is used to configure installed software. It provides a stand-alone execution interface to the package configure scripts.
Command: swign
swign is a ad-hoc implementation extension utility.
swign is used to create a GPG signed POSIX package from the contents of the current directory. The intended use is for creation of signed source tar archives.
It is a shell script that uses swpackage and gpg and GNU tar. Since the created archive is written to stdout by GNU tar and makes sanity checks using standard utilities it is safe to use.
The utilities are invoked from the command line.
The commands share a common syntax that is:
<sw_utility> [options] [software_selections] [@Targets]
The current swbis utilities are swpackage, swinstall, swverify, swcopy, swign.
A central element of all the commands is the target syntax. See Target Syntax.
Here are several rules worth remembering about the Target:
If the target path is not given for a remote target, the target path is either '.' or '/' depending on the utility and the defaults files. (The default target path for swinstall is always '/')
Here are several example of Targets:
@ root@host1
@ root@host1@@guest@host2:/tmp/mnt/test
@ user@host1:.
@ :file1 # Impl Extension
The command swbis can be used to invoke the swbis utilities. The swbis command is useful if the utilities are not installed in $PATH. Alternatively, individual utilities can be invoked by themselves.
Here are some example invocations:
swbis --version
swbis --help
swpackage --sign --gpg-name="Your GPG Identity" --format=ustar -s /tmp/mypsf >/tmp/foo.tar
swverify -d @/tmp/foo.tar
swinstall -s -
swcopy -s /tmp/myrpm.rpm --audit --allow-rpm @- | tar tvf -
swign -u "Your GPG Identity" @- | tar tvf -
Source and Target Specification and Logic Synopsis: Posix: host[:path] host host: /path # Absolute path Swbis Extension: [user@]host[:path] [user@]host_port[:path] :path Swbis Multi-hop Target Extension: # ':' is the target delimiter # '_' delimits a port number in the host field [user@]host[@@[user@]host[@@...]][:file] [user@]host_port[@@[user@]host[@@...]][:file] # Using ':', a trailing colon is used to # disambiguate between a host and file. # For Example, :file host: host host:file host:host: host_port:host_port: host:host:file user@host:user@host: user@host:user@host:host: user@host:user@host:file A more formal description: target : HOST_CHARACTER_STRING ':' PATHNAME_CHARACTER_STRING | HOST_CHARACTER_STRING ':' | HOST_CHARACTER_STRING | PATHNAME_CHARACTER_STRING | ':' PATHNAME_CHARACTER_STRING # Impl extension ; PATHNAME_CHARACTER_STRING must be an absolute path unless a HOST_CHARACTER_STRING is given. Allowing a relative path is a feature of the swbis implementation. NOTE: A '.' as a target is an implementation extension and means extract in current directory. NOTE: A '-' indicating stdout/stdin is an implementation extension. NOTE: A ':' in the first character indicates a filename. This is an implementation extension. HOST_CHARACTER_STRING is an IP or hostname. Examples: Copy the distribution /var/tmp/foo.tar.gz at 192.168.1.10 swcopy -s /var/tmp/foo.tar.gz @192.168.1.10:/root Implementation Extension Syntax (multi ssh-hop) : Syntax: %start wtarget # the Implementation Extension Target # Note: a trailing ':' forces interpretation # as a host, not a file. wtarget : wtarget DELIM sshtarget | sshtarget | sshtarget DELIM ; sshtarget : user '@' target # Note: only the last target | target # may have a PATHNAME, and only a host ; * may have a user target : HOST_CHARACTER_STRING | PATHNAME_CHARACTER_STRING ; user : PORTABLE_CHARACTER_STRING # The user name DELIM : ':' # The multi-hop delimiter. ;
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The related standards are IEEE Std 1387.2-1995 (ISO/IEC 15068-2:1999), OpenGroup CAE C701.
ISO/IEC 15068-2:1999 is identical to 1387.2 except for its name.
CAE C701 is nearly identical to 1387.2 and can be viewed online at http://www.opengroup.org/publications/catalog/c701.htm
The implementation reference specification is a printed postscript rendering of the C701 pdf file available at http://www.opengroup.org/publications/catalog/c701.htm (size: 696095 bytes; md5sum: a98e5fd7d723db63e27136c70bfff7aa) and a copy of IEEE Std 1387.2-1995 (ISBN 1-55937-537-X). These two documents match up line-for-line except for chapter ordering and where there are descriptions of C701's additional attributes.
(The IEEE standard is superseded by and identical to ISO/IEC 15068-2:1999).
Commands
Formats
Conventions, User Manual
swpackage(8) System Manager's Manual swpackage(8) NAME swpackage -- Package a software distribution. SYNOPSIS swpackage # Filter: read PSF on stdin, write a tar archive to stdout swpackage -s- @- # Absolutely explicit, same as above swpackage @FILE swpackage [-p] [-s psf_file] [-f file] [-x option=value] \ [-X options_file] [-W option] [software_selections] [@targets] swpackage --help # more authoritative documentation swpackage [options] --to-swbis [-s package_file] # format translator swpackage [options] --resign [-s package_file] # modify signatures swpackage [options] --remove-signature=N [-s package_file] swpackage [options] --replace-signature=N [-s package_file] DESCRIPTION swpackage reads a Product Specification File (PSF) and writes a distribution to the specified target. If no options are given a PSF is read on stdin and a distribution is written to the default target either a directory, device, or standard output. To specify standard output use a dash '-' as the target. OPTIONS software_selections Refer to the software objects (products, filesets) on which to be operated. (Not yet implemented) targets Refers to the software_collection where the software selections are to be applied. To specify standard output use a dash '-', this overrides media_type setting to 'serial'. Target may be a file, or device file or '-' -f FILE Reads software_selections from FILE. (Not implemented). -p Preview the package. Perform all the packaging operations except writing the target. In verbose level 1, nothing is written. Higher verbose levels write information on stdout. Error and warning messages are written to stderr for verbose levels 1 and higher. -s PSF Specify the PSF file, "-" is standard input. -x option=value Specify the extended option overriding the defaults file value. -X FILE Specify the extended options filename, FILE, overriding the default filenames. This option may be given more then once. If the resulting specified value is an empty string then reading of any options file is disabled. -v (Implementation extension.) Given one time it is identical to -x verbose=2. This option can be given multiple times with increasing effect. level 0: silent on stdout and stderr (not implemented). level 1: fatal and warning messages. -v level 2: level 1 plus file list and trailer message. -vv level 3: level 2 verbose tar-like listing. -vvv level 4: level 3 extra verbose tar listing. -b BYTES Set blocksize to BYTES number of bytes (octets). The default is 10240. (implementation extension) --version, -V Alternate Mode: Show version. (Implementation extension) --help Alternate Mode: Show help (Implementation extension) -W option[,option,...] Specify the implementation extension option. Syntax: -W option[=option_argument[,option...] Options may be separated by a comma. The implementation extension options may also be given individually using the '--long-option[=option_arg]' syntax. -W cksum Compute POSIX cksum of the individual files. -W file-digests -W digests Compute md5 digests of the individual files. (-W digests is deprecated, use -W file-digests). -W files Store the distribution file list in .../dfiles/files. -W dir=NAME Use NAME as the path name prefix of a distribution and also as the value of the distribution.control_directory and distribution.tag attribute (if not set). May be set to an empty string to eliminate stray leading "./". -W sign Compute the md5sum, sha1sum and adjunct_md5sum digests and sign the package. -W dummy-sign Same as -W sign except use a dummy signature. The signer program is not run and no password is required. -W signer-pgm=SIGNER Recognized SIGNERs are GPG, PGP2.6, and PGP5. swverify only supports GPG, however, other types can be verified manually using the options of swverify and command line utilities. -W archive-digests Compute the md5sum, sha1sum and adjunct_md5sum digests. See sw(5) for info on the digest and signed data input files. The sha1sum and md5sum attributes have identical input streams. -W no-sha1 Do not compute the sha1 digest even if directed to by other options. (Deprecated: There is limited reason to use this option). -W signed-file Write only the signed data to the specified target but do not sign. (Deprecated: There is limited reason to use this option). -W gpg-name=NAME Use NAME as the user ID to sign. NAME becomes the option arg of the gpg --local-user option. -W gpg-path=PATH Use PATH as the gpg homedir. -W gzip compress output with file system gzip utilty -W bzip2 compress output with file system bzip2 utility -W lzma compress output with file system lzma utility -W symmetric encrypt output with file system gpg utility -W encrypt-for-recipient=NAME encrypt with NAME's public key using file system gpg utility -W source=FILE Use serial archive located at FILE as the source instead of the file system. The files referred by the PSF are taken from the serial archive and not the file system. -W numeric-owner Same as GNU tar option. Emitted archive has only uid and gids. -W absolute-names Same as GNU tar option. Leading slash '/' are always stripped unless this option is given. -W format=FORMAT The default format is 'pax'. The pax format will only generate extended headers if needed. FORMAT is one of: ustar is the POSIX.1 tar format capable of storing pathnames up to 255 characters in length. Identical to GNU tar 1.15.1 --format=ustar ustar0 is a different POSIX.1 tar personality. Identical to GNU tar 1.13.25 --posix -b1 for 99 char pathnames Has different rendering of device numbers for non-device files, but otherwise identical to 'ustar' gnu Identical to GNU tar version 1.15.1 --format=gnu oldgnu Identical to GNU tar version 1.13 and later with block size set to 1. i.e. with option -b1. Also identical to GNU tar 1.15.1 --format=oldgnu gnutar same as oldgnu, oldgnu preferred. pax Extended header tar (Default) odc Posix.1 cpio (magic 070707). newc cpio format (magic 070701). crc cpio format (magic 070702). bsdpax3 Identical to pax v3.0, ustar format with option -b 512. -W pax-header-pid=NUMBER Sets the number used in any pax header naming scheme to NUMBER. You must use this option to make archive identical in subsequent (back-to-back) invocations. -W uuid=STRING Sets the uuid string to STRING instead of calling uuid(1) You must use this option to make the catalog directory identical in subsequent (back-to-back) invocations. -W create-time=TIME Applies to catalog files and the create_time attribute. TIME is the seconds since the Unix Epoch. You must use this option to make the catalog directory identical in subsequent (back-to- back) invocations. -W list-psf Write the PSF to stdout after having processed the extended definitions. -W to-swbis Alternate Mode: Read a package on standard input and write a POSIX package on standard output. Requires the .../libexec/swbis/lxpsf program. Supported formats are any supported format of lxpsf. Identical to: /swbis/lxpsf --psf-form3 -H ustar | swpackage -Wsource=- -s@PSF -W passphrase-fd=N Read the passphrase on file descriptor N. -W passfile=FILE Read the passphrase from FILE in the file system. Setting FILE to /dev/tty resets (i.e unsets) all passphrase directives, thus establishing the default action, reading from the terminal. -W dir-owner=OWNER Set the owner of the leading directory archive member to OWNER. If the option arg is "", then the owner is the owner of the current directory. -W dir-group=OWNER Set the group of the leading directory archive member to OWNER. If the option arg is "", then the owner is the owner of the current directory. -W dir-modep=MODE Set the file permissions mode of the leading directory archive member to MODE. -W catalog-owner=OWNER Set the owner of the catalog section to OWNER. -W catalog-group=GROUP Set the group of the catalog section to GROUP. -W files-from=NAME Read a list of files from file NAME. Directories are not descended recursively. -W show-options-files Alternate Mode: Show the complete list of options files and if they are found. -W show-options Alternate Mode: Show the options after reading the files and parsing the command line options. -W no-catalog Do not write the catalog section. -W no-front-dir Do not write the directory archive members that preceed the catalog section. Signature Modification Options. The source file via '-s' option is a previously signed archive file. --addsign Alternate Mode: Same as --add-signature-first --delsign Alternate Mode: Opposite of --addsign, Same as --remove- signature=1 --add-signature-first Alternate Mode: Add signature first in the list of package signatures. The last signature, by convention, is the primary signature. --add-signature-last Alternate Mode: Add signature last in the list of package signatures. The last signature, by convention, is the primary signature. --replace-signature=N Alternate Mode: Replace Nth signature, 0 means last signature. --remove-signature=N Alternate Mode: Remove Nth signature, 0 means last signature. --resign Alternate Mode: Same as --replace-signature=0 --resign-test, --zfilter Alternate Mode: Copy from source to target without altering. Does not generate a signature. The output should be identical to the input. Also has unintended use of accessing the compression pipeline function of swpackage. --recompress Modifier to alternate Mode: Applies when modifying signature. The compression methods of the input file are detected and the output is compressed to match. --overwrite Modifier to alternate Mode: Overwrites file specified as the source name (by the -s FILE option). Will likely do so safely. EXTENDED OPTIONS These extended options can be specified on the command line using the -x option or from the defaults file, swdefaults. Posix Shown below is an actual portion of a defaults file which show default values. These options are set in the /usr/lib/swbis/swdefaults or the ~/.swdefaults file. swpackage.distribution_target_directory = /var/spool/sw # Not used swpackage.distribution_target_serial = - # Not used swpackage.enforce_dsa = false # Not used swpackage.follow_symlinks = false # Not used swpackage.logfile = /var/lib/swbis/swpackage.log # Not used swpackage.loglevel = 1 # Not used swpackage.media_capacity = 0 # Not used swpackage.media_type = serial # Not used swpackage.psf_source_file = - # Not used swpackage.software = # Not used swpackage.verbose = 1 # May be 1 2 or 3 Swbis Implementation These extended options can be specified on the command line using -Woption=optionarg or --option=optionarg syntax. These options are set in the /usr/lib/swbis/swbisdefaults or the ~/.swbis/swbisdefaults file. swpackage.swbis_cksum = "false" # true or false swpackage.swbis_file_digests = "false" # true or false swpackage.swbis_file_digests_sha2 = "false" # true or false swpackage.swbis_files = "false" # true or false swpackage.swbis_sign = "false" # true or false swpackage.swbis_archive_digests = "false" # true or false swpackage.swbis_archive_digests_sha2 = "false" # true or false swpackage.swbis_gpg_name = "" swpackage.swbis_gpg_path = "~/.gnupg" swpackage.swbis_gzip = "false" # true or false swpackage.swbis_bzip2 = "false" # true or false swpackage.swbis_numeric_owner = "false" # true or false swpackage.swbis_absolute_names = "false" # true or false swpackage.swbis_format = "ustar" # gnutar or ustar swpackage.swbis_signer_pgm = "GPG" # GPG or PGP5 or PGP2.6 USAGE EXAMPLES Here are some commonly used options. Options and Option Files Show the option file options and the option files that determine the default values. swpackage --show-options # and swpackage --show-options-files Preview the output Show a verbose tar-like file listing on stdout swpackage -pv # or swpackage -pvv Create a signed package Read the PSF on standard input, sign using 'admin' key using the gpg- agent. Include sha2 digests for the files and archive. Include the file list, compress the output using xz writing to standard output. swpackage -s - --sign --use-agent --gpg-name=admin --files \ --sha1 --sha2 --xz @- Resign a package Resign a previously signed package, overwriting the original file swpackage --resign -s foo.tar.gz --overwrite --recompress Idempotent Invocation Use special options to obtain an identical package two or more times swpackage --create-time=1406254892 \ --uuid=ed3b9432-3ba1-4c01-a125-e22fb94588e2 \ --pax-header-pid=1001 ALternative Format Translation Execute the internally generated pipeline for format translation manually # the following is equivalent to 'swpackage --to-swbis' /usr/local/libexec/swbis/lxpsf --psf-form3 \ -H ustar | swpackage -Wsource=- -s@PSF PACKAGE SIGNING Support for embedded cryptographic signature Description Package signing is accomplished by including, as a package attribute, a detached signature in the package metadata (the catalog section of the package). The signed data is the catalog section of the package (see sw(5) for a description) excluding the signature files archive header and data. The package leading directory that does not contain the /catalog/ directory in its name is not included in the signed stream. The signed stream is terminated by two (2) null tar blocks (which are not in the actual package file). The storage section (or payload) of the package is included in the signed data by computing its md5 and sha1 message digests and storing these as attributes in the catalog section. Signature Generation The signature is generated by the file system signing utility. Currently, swpackage supports GPG PGP-2.6 and PGP-5. The default is GPG but can be selected using the -Wsigner-pgm command line option and the swpackage.swbis_signer_pgm defaults file option. The options and program can the displayed with the -Wshow-signer-pgm option. The options in each case produce a detached ascii-armored signature. The maximum length for the ascii armored file is 1023 bytes. Passphrase Handling The passphrase can be read from the tty, a file descriptor, and environment variable or the GNUpg passphrase agent. These are controlled by the options or the environment variables SWPACKAGEPASSFD and SWPACKAGEPASSPHRASE. Placing your passphrase in an environment variable is insecure but may be usefull to sign packages with a test key and later replace it [when on a different host for example]. SIGNATURE VERIFICATION swpackage does not perform verification of the embedded cryptographic signature, although, a description is included here for completness. Overview Verification requires verifying the payload section md5 and sha1 message digests and then verifying the signature. Naturally, it is required that the signed data include the payload messages digests. See swverify. Manual Verification Verification requires re-creating the signed and digested byte streams from the archive file. This is not possible using any known extant tar reading utility because of a lack of ability to write selected archive members to stdout instead of installing in the file system; however, the swverify utility can be used to write these bytes streams to stdout allowing manual inspection and verification. See swverify. Manual Verification Using Standard Tools Verification using standard GNU/Linux tools is possible if the archive is installed in the file system. Success depends on the following factors: 1) The tar utility preserves modification times (e.g. not GNU tar 1.3.19). 2) The archive does not contain Symbolic Links (see sw(5) for explanation). 3) The file system is a Unix file system (e.g. ext2). 4) The package was created using -Wformat=gnutar or, -Wformat=ustar with no file name longer than 99 octets. Recreating the signed and digested byte streams is then accomplished using GNU tar and the file list stored in the <path>/catalog/dfiles/files attribute file as follows: In this example, the package has a single path name prefix called, namedir and the file owner/group are root. These restrictions are suited to source packages. Verify the signature: #!/bin/sh tar cf - -b1 --owner=root --group=root \ --exclude=namedir/catalog/dfiles/signature \ namedir/catalog | gpg --verify namedir/catalog/dfiles/signature - If this fails try using GNU tar option --posix. If this fails then you are out of luck as nothing in the catalog section can be trusted. Verify the payload digests: #!/bin/sh grep -v namedir/catalog namedir/catalog/dfiles/files | \ tar cf - -b1 --owner=root --group=root \ --files-from=- --no-recursion | md5sum cat namedir/catalog/dfiles/md5sum Likewise for the sha1 digest. If the package has symbolic links, Verify the adjunct_md5sum: #!/bin/sh grep -v namedir/catalog namedir/catalog/dfiles/files | \ ( while read file; do if [ ! -h $file ]; then echo $file; fi done; )|\ tar cf - -b1 --owner=root --group=root \ --files-from=- --no-recursion | md5sum cat namedir/catalog/dfiles/adjunct_md5sum The symbolic link files must be verified manually by comparing to the INFO file information. SWPACKAGE OUTPUT FORMAT The output format is either one of two formats specified in POSIX.1 (ISO/IEC 9945-1) which are tar (header magic=ustar) or cpio (header magic=070707). The default format of the swbis implementation is "ustar". The POSIX spec under specifies definitions for some of the ustar header fields. The personality of the default swbis ustar format mimics GNU tar 1.15.1 and is designed to be compliant to POSIX.1. The personality of the "ustar0" format mimics, for pathnames less than 99 octets, GNU tar 1.13.25 using the "-b1 --posix" options. This bit- for-bit sameness does not exist for pathnames greater than 99 chars as swbis follows the POSIX spec and GNU tar 1.13.25 does not. The "ustar0" ustar personality is deprecated. It is only slightly different from 'ustar' in how device number fields are filled (with spaces, zeros or NULs) for non-device files. In addition the swbis implementation supports several other tar variants including bit-for-bit mimicry of GNU tar (1.13.25) default format which uses a non-standard name split and file type (type 'L'). This format is known as '--format=oldgnu'. Also supported is the gnu format of GNU tar 1.15.1 specified by '--format=gnu' The defacto cpio formats are also supported. "new ASCII" (sometimes called SVR4 cpio) and "crc" cpio formats with header magic "070701" and "070702" respectively. Support for "pax Interchange Format" (Extended header tar) described in IEEE 1003.1-2001 under the "pax" manual page has been implemented for POSIX file attributes as of release 1.12 (c Aug2014). The 'swpackage' utility will generate extended headers on an as needed basis when the --format=pax is used. Support for POSIX ACL and SELinux attributes is planned. The entirety of the output byte stream is a single valid file of one the formats mentioned above. The swbis implementation writes its output to stdout. The default output block size is 10240 bytes. The last block is not padded and therefore the last write(2) may be a short write. The selected block size does not affect the output file contents. The swbis implementation is biased, in terms of capability and default settings, to the tar format. Package signing is only supported in tar format. SWPACKAGE INPUT FILE FORMAT The input file is called a product specification file or PSF. It contains information to direct swpackage and information that is package meta-data [that is merely transferred unchanged into the global INDEX file]. A PSF may contain object keywords, attributes (keyword/value pairs) and Extended Definitions (described below). An object keyword connotes a logical object (i.e. software structure) supported by the standard. An object keyword does not have a value field after it, as it contains Attributes and Extended Definitions. An attribute keyword conotes an attribute which is always in the form of a keyword/value pair. Attribute keywords not recognized by the standard are allowed and are transferred into the INDEX file. Object keywords not recognized by the standard are not allowed and will generate an error. Extended Definitions may only appear in a PSF (never in a INDEX or INFO created by swpackage). Extended Definitions are translated [by swpackage] into object keywords (objects) and attributes recognized by the standard. Comments in a PSF are not transferred into the INDEX file by the swbis implementation of swpackage. The file syntax is the same as a INDEX, or INFO file. A PSF may contain all objects defined by the standard as well as extended definitions. For additional information see XDSA C701 http://www.opengroup.org/publications/catalog/c701.htm, or sw manual page. EXTENDED DEFINITIONS A Product Specification File (PSF) can contain Extended Definitions in the fileset, product or bundle software definitions. They would have the same level or containment relationship as a file or control_file definition in the same contaning object. Extended Definitions represent a minimal, expressive form for specifying files and file attributes. Their use in a PSF is optional in that an equivalent PSF can be constructed without using them, however, their use is encouraged for the sake of brevity and orthogonality. The swbis implementation requires that no [ordinary] attributes appear after Extended Definitions in the containing object, and, requires that Extended Definitions appear before logically contained objects. That is, the parser uses the next object keyword to syntacticly and logically terminate the current object even if the current object has logically contained objects. o Extended Control File Definitions checkinstall source [path] preinstall source [path] postinstall source [path] verify source [path] fix source [path] checkremove source [path] preremove source [path] postremove source [path] configure source [path] unconfigure source [path] request source [path] unpreinstall source [path] unpostinstall source [path] space source [path] control_file source [path] The source attribute defines the location in distributors's development system where the swpackage utility will find the script. The keyword is the value of the tag attribute and tells the utilities when to execute the script. The path attribute is optional and specifies the file name in the packages distribution relative to the control_directory for software containing the script. If not given the tag value is used as the filename. o Directory Mapping directory source [destination] Applies the source attribute as the directory under which the subsequently listed files are located. If destination is defined it will be used as a prefix to the path (implied) file definition. source is typically a temporary or build location and dest is its unrealized absolute pathname destination. o Recursive File Definition file * Specifies every file in current source directory. The directory extended definition must be used before the recursive specification. o Explicit File Definition file [-t type] [-m mode] [-o owner[,uid]] [-g group[,gid]] [-n] [-v] source [path] source source defines the pathname of the file to be used as the source of file data and/or attributes. If it is a relative path, then swpackage searches for this file relative to the the source argument of the directory keyword, if set. If directory keyword is not set then the search is relative to the current working directory of the swpackage utility's invocation. All attributes for the destination file are taken from the source file, unless a file_permissions keyword is active, or the -m, -o, or -g options are also included in the file specification. path path defines the destination path where the file will be created or installed. If it is a relative path, then the destination path of the of the directory keyword must be active and will be used as the path prefix. If path is not specified then source is used as the value of path and directory mapping applied (if active). -t type type may one of 'd' (directory), or 'h' (hard link), or 's' (symbolic link). -t d Create a directory. If path is not specified source is used as the path attribute. -t h Create a hard link. path and source are specified. source is used as the value of the link_source attribute, and path is the value of the path attribute. -t s Create a symbolic link. path and source are specified. source is used as the value of the link_source attribute, and path is the value of the path attribute. -m mode mode defines the octal mode for the file. o Default Permission Definition file_permissions [-m mode] [-u umask] [-o [owner[,]][uid]] [-g [group[,]][gid]] Applies to subsequently listed file definitions in a fileset. These attributes will apply where the file attributes were not specified explicitly in a file definition. Subsequent file_permissions definitions simply replace previous definitions (resetting all the options). To reset the file_permission state (i.e. turn it off) use one of the following: file_permissions "" or the preferred way is file_permissions -u 000 o Excluding Files exclude source Excludes a previously included file or an entire directory. o Including Files include <filename The contents of filename may be more definitions for files. The syntax of the included file is PSF syntax. SWBIS PSF CONVENTIONS This section describes attribute usage and conventions imposed by the swbis implementation. Not all attributes are listed here. Those that are have important effects or particular interest. o Distribution Attributes The standard defines a limited set of attributes for the distribution object. An expanded set is suggested by the informative annex however a conforming implementation is not required act on them. The reason for this is a distribution may be acted upon by a conforming utility in such a way that attributes of the distribution become invalid. For this reason, some attributes that refer to an entire "package" [in other package managers] are referred from the product object and attain their broadened scope by the distributor's convention that their distribution contains just one product. For example, the package NAME and VERSION are referred from the product tag and revision, not the distribution's. This convention supports multiple products in a distribution and is consistent with the standard. tag tag is the short, file system friendly, name of the distribution. Providing a distribution tag is optional. The swbis implementation will use this as the [single] path name prefix if there is no distribution.control_directory attribute. A distribution tag attribute and swpackage's response to it is an implementation extension. The leading package path can also be controlled with the ''-W dir'' option. control_directory control_directory, in a distribution object, is the constant leading package path. Providing this attribute is optional. A distribution control_directory attribute and swpackage's response to it is an implementation extension. The leading package path can also be controlled with the ''-W dir'' option. This attribute will be generated by swpackage if not set in a PSF. o Bundle Attributes A bundle defines a collection of products whether or not the distribution has all the products present. tag tag is the short, file system friendly, name of the bundle. This value is used by the swbis implementation as a path name component in the installed software catalog. If it is not present the product tag is used. o Product Attributes A product defines the software product. tag tag is the short, file system friendly, name of the product. This value is used by the swbis implementation as a path name component in the installed software catalog. It is required. The swbis implementation uses it in a way that is analogous to the RPMTAG_NAME attribute, namely as the public recognizable name of the package. control_directory Is the directory name in the distribution under which the product contents are located. This value has no affect on the installed software catalog. If it is not given in a PSF then the tag is used. revision Is the product revision. It should not contain a "RELEASE" attribute part or other version suffix modifiers. This value is used by the swbis implementation as a path name component in the installed software catalog. It is required by swinstall. vendor_tag This is a short identifying name of the distributor that supplied the product and may associate (refer to) a vendor object from the INDEX file that has a matching tag attribute. This attribute is optional. This attribute value should strive to be unique among all distributors. The swbis implementation modifies the intended usage slightly as a string that strives to be globally unique for a given product.tag and product.revision. In this capacity it serves to distinguish products with the same revision and tag from the same or different distributor. It most closely maps to the RPMTAG_RELEASE or "debian_revision" attributes. It is one of the version distinguishing attributes of a product specified by the standard. It is transfered into the installed_software catalog (not as a path name component) by swinstall. If this attribute exists there should also be a vendor object in the PSF in the distribution object that has this tag. This attribute is assigned the value of RPMTAG_RELEASE by swpackage when translating an RPM. architecture This string is one of the version attributes. It is used to disambiguate products that have the same tag, revision and vendor_tag. It is not used for determining a products compatibility with a host. The form is implementation defined. swbis uses the output of GNU config.guess as the value of this string. A wildcard pattern should not be used. The canonical swbis architecture string can be listed with swlist. For example swlist -a architecture @ localhost Here are some example outputs from real systems. System `uname -srm` architecture Red Hat 8.0: Linux 2.4.18 i686 i686-pc-linux-gnu OpenSolaris: SunOS 5.11 i86pc i386-pc-solaris2.11 NetBSD 3.1: NetBSD 3.1 i386 i386-unknown-netbsdelf3.1 Red Hat 4.1: Linux 2.0.36 i586 i586-pc-linux-gnulibc1 Debian 3.1: Linux 2.6.8-2-386 i686 i686-pc-linux-gnu os_name os_release os_version machine_type These attributes are used to determine compatibility with a host. They correspond to the uname attributes defined by POSIX.1. If an value is nil or non-existent it is assumed to match the host. All attributes must match for there to be compatibility. Distributors may wish to make these values a shell pattern in their PSF's so to match the intended collection of hosts. swbis uses fnmatch (with FLAGS=0) to determine a match. o Fileset Attributes A fileset defines the fileset. tag tag is the short, file system friendly, name of the fileset. It is required although selection of filesets is not yet supported therefore the end user will have little to do with the fileset tag. control_directory Is the directory name in the product under which the fileset contents are located. This value has no affect on the installed software catalog. If it is not given in a PSF then the tag is used. o Example Source Package PSF This PSF packages every file is current directory. It uses nil control directories so the package structure does not change relative to a vanilla tarball. distribution description "fooit - a program from fooware that does everything." title "fooit - a really cool program" COPYING < /usr/local/fooware/legalstuff/COPYING vendor the_term_vendor_is_misleading false tag fooware title fooware Consultancy Services, Inc. description "" vendor the_term_vendor_is_misleading true tag myfixes1 title Bug fixes, Set 1 description "a place for more detailed description" product tag fooit control_directory "" revision 1.0 vendor_tag myfixes1 # Matches the vendor object above fileset tag fooit-SOURCE control_directory "" directory . file * exclude catalog o Example Runtime (Binary) Package PSF This is a sample PSF for a runtime package. It implies multiple products (e.g. sub-packages) using the bundle.contents attribute. Since the bundle and product tags exist in a un-regulated namespace and are seen by end users they should be carefully chosen. Note that the bundle and product have the same tag which may force downstream users to disambiguate using software selection syntax such as fooit,bv=* or fooit,pv=* . distribution description "fooit - a program from fooware that does everything." title "fooit - a really cool program" COPYING < /usr/local/fooware/legalstuff/COPYING vendor the_term_vendor_is_misleading false tag fooware title fooware Consultancy Services, Inc. description "Provider of the programs that do everything" vendor the_term_vendor_is_misleading true tag fw0 title fooware fixes description "More fixes from the fooware users" # Bundle definition: Use a bundle bundle tag fooit vendor_tag fooware contents fooit,v=fw0 fooit-devel fooit-doc # Product definition: product tag fooit # This is the package name revision 1.0 # This is the package version vendor_tag fw0 # This is a release name e.g. RPMTAG_RELEASE postinstall scripts/postinstall fileset tag fooit-RUN file doc/man/man1/fooit.1 /usr/man/man1/fooit.1 file src/fooit /usr/bin/fooit SAMPLE PRODUCT SPEC FILES This section shows several example PSF files. o A minimal PSF to package all files in current directory. distribution product tag prod control_directory "" revision 1.0 fileset tag files control_directory "" directory . file * o A PSF that uses directory mapping. This PSF creates a package with live system paths from source that is installed in non-live temporary locations. It is modeled on the swbis source package. distribution product tag somepackage # this is the package name control_directory "" revision 1.0 # this is the package revision fileset tag files control_directory "" file_permissions -o root -g root directory swprogs /usr/bin file swpackage file swinstall file swverify file -m 755 -o root -g root / /usr/libexec/swbis directory swprogs /usr/libexec/swbis file swbisparse directory swsupplib/progs /usr/libexec/swbis file swbistar file -m 755 -o root -g root / /usr/share/doc/swbis directory . /usr/share/doc/swbis file -m 444 ./README file -m 444 CHANGES When this PSF is processed by the command: swpackage -Wsign -s - @- | tar tvf - It produces the following: drwxr-x--- root/root 0 2003年06月03日 ... catalog/ -rw-r----- root/root 307 2003年06月03日 ... catalog/INDEX drwxr-x--- root/root 0 2003年06月03日 ... catalog/dfiles/ -rw-r----- root/root 65 2003年06月03日 ... catalog/dfiles/INFO -rw-r----- root/root 33 2003年06月03日 ... catalog/dfiles/md5sum -rw-r----- root/root 41 2003年06月03日 ... catalog/dfiles/sha1sum -rw-r----- root/root 33 2003年06月03日 ... catalog/dfiles/adjunct_md5sum -rw-r----- root/root 512 2003年06月03日 ... catalog/dfiles/sig_header -rw-r----- root/root 1024 2003年06月03日 ... catalog/dfiles/signature drwxr-x--- root/root 0 2003年06月03日 ... catalog/pfiles/ -rw-r----- root/root 65 2003年06月03日 ... catalog/pfiles/INFO -rw-r----- root/root 1503 2003年06月03日 ... catalog/INFO -rwxr-xr-x root/root 510787 2003年06月03日 ... usr/bin/swpackage -rwxr-xr-x root/root 301255 2003年06月03日 ... usr/bin/swinstall -rwxr-xr-x root/root 4105 2003年06月03日 ... usr/bin/swverify drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2003年06月03日 ... usr/libexec/swbis/ -rwxr-xr-x root/root 365105 2003年06月03日 ... usr/libexec/swbis/swbisparse -rwxr-xr-x root/root 243190 2003年06月03日 ... usr/libexec/swbis/swbistar drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2003年06月03日 ... usr/share/doc/swbis/ -r--r--r-- root/root 8654 2003年05月27日 ... usr/share/doc/swbis/README -r--r--r-- root/root 10952 2003年06月03日 ... usr/share/doc/swbis/CHANGES o Create a PSF from a list of files. find . -print | swpackage -Wfiles-from=- -Wlist-psf RETURN VALUE 0 on success, 1 on error and target medium not modified, 2 on error if target medium modified. SIDE EFFECTS No temporary files are used in the package generation process. When using the default target of stdout (directed to /dev/null), there are no file system side effects from swpackage. GNU Privacy Guard (gpg) may alter its keys when invoked for package signing. ENVIRONMENT SWPACKAGEPASSFD Sets the --passphrase-fd option. Set the option arg to a integer value of the file descriptor, or to "env" to read the passphrase from the environment variable SWPACKAGEPASSPHRASE, or to "agent" to cause gpg to use gpg-agent, or to "tty" to restore default behavoir to reading passphrase from the terminal. SWPACKAGEPASSPHRASE Use the value as the passphrase if --passphrase-fd is set to "env" GNUPGHOME Sets the --gpg-home option. GNUPGNAME Sets the --gpg-name option, which is turn set the --local-user option of gpg. REQUISITE UTILITIES Swpackage does not use any archive writing utilities, it has its own code to generate archives. Package signing uses one of the following: /usr/bin/gpg /usr/bin/pgp (PGP 2.6.x) /usr/bin/pgps (PGP 5) Swpackage will use /usr/bin/uuidgen if present to create the uuid. FILES libdir/swbis/swdefaults libbir/swbis/swbisdefaults $HOME/.swbis/swdefaults $HOME/.swbis/swbisdefaults APPLICABLE STANDARDS ISO/IEC 15068-2:1999, Open Group CAE C701. SEE ALSO info swbis sw(5), swbis(1), swpackage(5), swbisparse(1), swign(1), swverify(8) IDENTIFICATION swpackage(8): The packaging utility of the swbis project. Author: Jim Lowe Email: jhlowe at acm.org Version: 1.13 Last Updated: 2014年07月15日 Copying: GNU Free Documentation License BUGS A comment after an object keyword is wrongly not allowed by this PSF parser. The --dir="" does not do what one would expect sometimes. The output stream content is unaffected by the blocksize, that is the last write may be short write. Signing is broken for cpio format archives. swpackage(8)
swinstall(8) System Manager's Manual swinstall(8)
NAME
swinstall -- Install POSIX and RPM packages.
SYNOPSIS
swinstall [-p] [-r] [-s source_file] [-f file] \
[-t targetfile] [-x option=value] [-X options_file] [-W option] \
[software_selections] [@target [target1...]]
swinstall -s - # Minimum unambiguous invocation.
DESCRIPTION
swinstall installs a POSIX distribution from a source archive to a
target directory. A POSIX distribution is a package, typically a
compressed tarball with metadata files in the prescribed file layout.
Neither swinstall nor any component of swbis is required on the target
host, however, the target host must look like a Unix system at the
shell and command-line utility level and have a POSIX shell. Remote
network connections are made by ssh. Ssh is the default but rsh can be
selected by a command line option.
By default and with no external influences (i.e. swdefaults file)
swinstall will read an archive on stdin and install all products and
filesets of package in "/" directory on the target host. An alternate
root may be specified using the target syntax. The distribution source
directory (swbis default: stdin) is selectable via the defaults file,
therefore it should be specified in uncontrolled environments.
swinstall operates on cpio or tar archives. swinstall supports cpio
archives by first translating to tar format, therefore, to reduce the
data transformations performed by swinstall, distributors encouraged to
deliver products in tar format.
swinstall will create an entry in an installed software catalog. This
is a directory usually located at /var/lib/swbis/catalog. Using this
information checks for upgrade, downdate, dependencies, and
reinstallation are made.
OPTIONS
-f FILE
Reads software_selections from FILE. (Not implemented).
-p
Preview the operation. Depending on the verbose level
information is written to stdout. The target is not modified
although a remote connection is established.
-r
This option has no affect.
-s SOURCE
Specify the source file SOURCE, "-" is standard input. The
syntax is the same as for a target. SOURCE may be an archive
file or stdin.
-t targetfile
Specify a file containing a list of targets (one per line).
-x option=value
Specify the extended option overriding the defaults file value.
-X FILE
Specify the extended options filename, FILE, overriding the
default filenames. This option may be given more then once. If
the resulting specified value is an empty string then reading of
any options file is disabled.
-v
Given one time it is identical to -x verbose=2. This option can
be given multiple times with increasing effect. (Implementation
extension option).
-v is level 2, -vv is level 3,... etc.
level 0: silent on stdout and stderr.
level 1: fatal and warning messages to stderr.
-v level 2: level 1 plus a progress bar.
-vv level 3: level 2 plus script stderr.
-vvv level 4: level 3 plus events.
-vvvv level 5: level 4 plus events.
-vvvvv level 6: level 5 plus set shell -vx option.
-vvvvvv level 7 and higher: level 6 plus debugging messages.
--version, -V
Show version (Implementation extension)
--help
Show help (Implementation extension)
-W option[,option,...]
Specify the implementation extension option.
Syntax: -W option[=option_argument[,option...]
Options may be separated by a comma. The implementation
extension options may also be given individually using the
'--long-option[=option_arg]' syntax.
-W preview-tar-file=FILE
This is a testing/development option. Writes the fileset
archive to FILE. This is the same data stream that would have
been loaded on the target. This option should only be used with
the '-p' option. The output sent to FILE is a tar archive but
without trailer blocks.
-W remote-shell=NAME
Defaults File Option: swbis_remote_shell_client
This is the remote connection client program on the management
(originating host). The path NAME may be an absolute path (not
located in $PATH). The basename of NAME is used for
intermediate hops. Supported shells are "ssh" and "rsh". The
default is "ssh".
-W quiet-progress
Defaults File Option: swbis_quiet_progress_bar Disable progress
bar, which is active for verbose levels 2 and higher (i.e. -v).
-W show-options-files
Show the complete list of options files and if they are found.
-W show-options
Show the options after reading the files and parsing the command
line options.
-W pax-command={tar|pax|star|gtar}
Set the portable archive command for all operations. The
default is "pax".
-W pax-read-command={tar|pax|star|gtar}
Set the read command for local and remote hosts.
-W remote-pax-read-command={tar|pax|star|gtar}
Defaults File Option: swbis_remote_pax_read_command
Set the read command for remote hosts. This is the command that
runs on the target (e.g. pax -r, tar xpf -). The default is
"pax".
-W local-pax-read-command={tar|pax|star|gtar}
Defaults File Option: swbis_local_pax_read_command
Set the read command for local hosts. This is the command that
runs on the target (e.g. pax -r, tar xpf -). The default is
"pax".
-W pax-write-command={tar|pax|star|gtar|swbistar}
Set the write command for local and remote hosts. This is the
command that runs on the target (e.g. pax -w, tar cf -).
-W remote-pax-write-command={tar|pax|star|gtar|swbistar}
Defaults File Option: swbis_remote_pax_write_command
Set the write command for remote hosts.
-W local-pax-write-command={tar|pax|star|gtar|swbistar}
Defaults File Option: swbis_local_pax_write_command
Set the portable archive write command for local host
operations. This is the command that runs on the source (e.g.
pax -w, tar cf -). The default is "pax".
-W remote-pax-write-command={tar|pax|star|gtar|swbistar}
Defaults File Option: swbis_remote_pax_write_command
Set the portable archive write command for remote host
operations. This is the command that runs on the source (e.g.
pax -w, tar cf -). The default is "pax".
-W no-defaults
Do not read any defaults files.
-W no-remote-kill
Defaults File Option: swbis_no_remote_kill
Disables the use of a second remote connection to tear down the
first in the event of SIGINT or SIGTERM or SIGPIPE. Only has
effect if the number of ssh hops is greater than 1. A single
host remote connection (ssh hop = 1) never uses a second remote
connection.
-W no-getconf
Defaults File Option: swbis_no_getconf
Makes the remote command be '/bin/sh -s' instead of the default
'PATH=`getconf PATH` sh -s'.
-W shell-command=NAME
Defaults File Option: swbis_shell_command
This is the interactive shell on the target host. NAME may be
one of "detect" "bash", "sh", "ksh" or "posix" and specifies
the remote command run by the remote shell. "posix" is
'PATH=`getconf PATH` sh -s', "bash" is "/bin/bash -s", "sh" is
"/bin/sh -s", and "ksh" is "ksh -s". The default is "detect".
-W use-getconf
Opposite of --no-getconf.
-W allow-rpm
Defaults File Option: swbis_allow_rpm
Enable automatic detection, translation to POSIX format, and
installation of RPMs.
-W pump-delay1=NANOSECONDS
Adds a NANOSECONDS delay (999999999 nanoseconds ~ 1 second)
every ADJSIZE bytes in the file data byte pump. A delay of
10111000 nanoseconds (~1/100th second) is added for 2-hop or
greater target (i.e more than 1 remote host in the target spec).
This is a work around for a bug in OpenSSH [or Linux kernel]
that is seen for multi-hop installs where the intermediate host
is a Linux kernel. If 2-hop install fails, try it again, you
may get lucky, or, increase this delay, or, use ssh protocol
version 1 by using ''--ssh-options=1'', or try a 2-hop install
where the middle host is BSD. To disable delay for multi-hop
targets specify zero. For more information about this bug see
the README file from the source distribution.
-W burst-adjust=ADJSIZE
ADJSIZE is the pumped data size, in bytes, between the
NANOSECONDS delays. This is a work around for a bug in OpenSSH
or the Linux kernel that is seen for multi-hop installs where
the intermediate host is a Linux kernel. The default is 72000
for 2-hops or greater, and zero for single hop and localhost
installs.
-W ssh-options=OPTIONS
ssh client program options. For example -W ssh-options=1 sets
the '-1' ssh client option which specifies protocol version 1.
-W source-script-name=NAME
Write the script that is written into the remote shell's stdin
to NAME. This is useful for debugging.
-W target-script-name=NAME
Write the script that is written into the remote shell's stdin
to NAME. This is useful for debugging.
software_selections
Refers to the software objects (products, filesets) on which to
be operated. This is not implemented, however, specification of
a location and qualifier are supported. location allow
specification of a alternate relative root path within the
target path, and qualifier allows specification of a user-
selectable modifier. For example:
swinstall q=exp @ 192.168.1.1 # Tag the package as experimental
swinstall l=/unionfs/somepackage-1.0 @ 192.168.1.1 # Allows multiple
# packages with same tag to exist in the
# same target path, where the location
# disambiguates.
target
Refers to the software_collection where the software selections
are to be applied. Allows specification of host and pathname
where the software collection is to be located. A target that
contains only one part is assumed to be a hostname. To force
interpretation as a path, use an absolute path or prefix with
':'. The default target path for 'swinstall' is always '/'.
Source and Target Specification and Logic
Synopsis:
Posix:
host[:path]
host
host:
/path # Absolute path
Swbis Extension:
[user@]host[:path]
[user@]host_port[:path]
:path
Swbis Multi-hop Target Extension:
# ':' is the target delimiter
# '_' delimits a port number in the host field
[user@]host[@@[user@]host[@@...]][:file]
[user@]host_port[@@[user@]host[@@...]][:file]
# Using ':', a trailing colon is used to
# disambiguate between a host and file.
# For Example,
:file
host:
host
host:file
host:host:
host_port:host_port:
host:host:file
user@host:user@host:
user@host:user@host:host:
user@host:user@host:file
A more formal description:
target : HOST_CHARACTER_STRING ':' PATHNAME_CHARACTER_STRING
| HOST_CHARACTER_STRING ':'
| HOST_CHARACTER_STRING
| PATHNAME_CHARACTER_STRING
| ':' PATHNAME_CHARACTER_STRING # Impl extension
;
PATHNAME_CHARACTER_STRING must be an absolute path unless
a HOST_CHARACTER_STRING is given. Allowing
a relative path is a feature of the swbis
implementation.
NOTE: A '.' as a target is an implementation
extension and means extract in current
directory.
NOTE: A '-' indicating stdout/stdin is an
implementation extension.
NOTE: A ':' in the first character indicates a filename.
This is an implementation extension.
HOST_CHARACTER_STRING is an IP or hostname.
Examples:
Copy the distribution /var/tmp/foo.tar.gz at 192.168.1.10
swcopy -s /var/tmp/foo.tar.gz @192.168.1.10:/root
Implementation Extension Syntax (multi ssh-hop) :
Syntax:
%start wtarget # the Implementation Extension Target
# Note: a trailing ':' forces interpretation
# as a host, not a file.
wtarget : wtarget DELIM sshtarget
| sshtarget
| sshtarget DELIM
;
sshtarget : user '@' target # Note: only the last target
| target # may have a PATHNAME, and only a host
; * may have a user
target : HOST_CHARACTER_STRING
| PATHNAME_CHARACTER_STRING
;
user : PORTABLE_CHARACTER_STRING # The user name
DELIM : ':' # The multi-hop delimiter.
;
INSTALLATION
Installation consists of an analysis phase and an execution phase.
Analysis Phase
The installed software catalog is queried and checks are made to detect
reinstallation, downdating (installing an older version). Dependency
tests are made at this point. If these checks pass or are overridden
by options, then the installed software catalog entry is created
(moving the old entry). The checkinstall script is exectuted. This
script should be non-interactive, idempotent, and read-only from the
system's perspective. This script may exit with status of 0,1,2, or 3.
If the exit status is 3 (or 1) installation is rejected and the
installed catalog is restored.
Execution Phase
The preinstall script is executed, the fileset files are loaded by the
system tar utility and postinstall is executed.
o Execution Script Environment
swinstall sets certain enviroment variables during execution. The
values set are hard-coded in the control.sh script generated by
swinstall.
For example, execution of the postinstall script in package
foobar-1.0.tar.gz with the following layout
foobar-1.0/
foobar-1.0/catalog/
foobar-1.0/catalog/INDEX
foobar-1.0/catalog/dfiles/
foobar-1.0/catalog/foobar/
foobar-1.0/catalog/foobar/pfiles/
foobar-1.0/catalog/foobar/pfiles/INFO
foobar-1.0/catalog/foobar/pfiles/postinstall
foobar-1.0/catalog/foobar/bin/
foobar-1.0/catalog/foobar/bin/INFO
installed with the following command:
swinstall -x installed_software_catalog=/var/software/catalog \
@ /mnt/test
will result in the following environment (among others, inspect
control.sh):
SW_PATH=/bin:/usr/bin
SW_ROOT_DIRECTORY=/mnt/test
SW_CATALOG=var/software/catalog/foobar/foobar/1.0/0
SW_CONTROL_TAG= postinstall
SW_CONTROL_DIRECTORY=/mnt/test/var/software/catalog/\
foobar/foobar/1.0/0/export/foobar-1.0/catalog/foobar/pfiles
SW_SESSION_OPTIONS=/mnt/test/var/software/catalog/\
foobar/foobar/1.0/0/session_options
SW_PATH is constructed using getconf(1) to locate the posix level
utilites, otherwise it is the same as PATH.
If the interpreter attribute from the INFO file, is 'sh' or unset, the
executed shell interpreter is /bin/bash, sh as found in the PATH
specified by getconf(1), or /bin/sh in this order.
As of swbis-1.12 (Version 1.12), control script execution begins with a
current working directory ($PWD) of SW_ROOT. Prior to version 1.12,
initial current working directory was equivalent to
$SW_ROOT/$SW_CATALOG.
INSTALLED SOFTWARE CATALOG
The form or format of an installed software catalog is not specified by
the ISO/IEC spec although it does specify an interface to it (e.g.
swlist utility) and operations on it.
This implementation creates a de-facto installed software catalog
rooted at the file system path specified by the value of the
installed_software_catalog extended option. The catalog is a file
system hierarchy containing regular files and directories.
The catalog is typically located relative to the target path. As of
swbis version 1.5, the catalog location may be specified using the file
URL syntax to indicate an absolute path. Any other form, such as an
unadorned absolute UNIX path will be treated as a path relative to the
target path.
For Example:
Below are example values of the installed_software_catalog extended
option found in the swdefaults file usually located in
$HOME/.swbis/swdefaults
var/lib/swbis/catalog # Default, relative to target path
/var/lib/swbis/catalog # Same, leading slash not respected
file://localhost/var/lib/swbis/catalog # Really absolute
file:///var/lib/swbis/catalog # Note triple leading slash
CATALOG FILE LAYOUT
<path>/
<path>/<ISC>/
<path>/<ISC>/<bundle>/
<path>/<ISC>/<bundle>/<product>/
<path>/<ISC>/<bundle>/<product>/<pr>/
<path>/<ISC>/<bundle>/<product>/<pr>/<seqence_number>/
<path>/<ISC>/<bundle>/<product>/<pr>/<sequence_number>/export/
<path>/<ISC>/<bundle>/<product>/<pr>/<sequence_number>/export/catalog.tar
<path>/<ISC>/<bundle>/<product>/<pr>/<sequence_number>/export/catalog.tar.sig
<path>/<ISC>/<bundle>/<product>/<pr>/<sequence_number>/export/catalog.tar.sig<N>
<path>/<ISC>/<bundle>/<product>/<pr>/<sequence_number>/INSTALLED
<path>/<ISC>/<bundle>/<product>/<pr>/<sequence_number>/control.sh
<path>/<ISC>/<bundle>/<product>/<pr>/<sequence_number>/session_options
<path>/<ISC>/<bundle>/<product>/<pr>/<sequence_number>/vendor_tag
<path>/<ISC>/<bundle>/<product>/<pr>/<sequence_number>/location
<path>/<ISC>/<bundle>/<product>/<pr>/<sequence_number>/qualifier
<path> is the target path. <ISC> is the value of the
installed_software_cataglog extended option. <bundle> and <product>
are bundle and product tags. If there is no bundle in the distribution
the product tag is used. <pr> is the product revision. Other items
are explained below.
CATALOG LOCATION
/<path>/
/<path>/<installed_software_catalog>/
/<path>/<installed_software_catalog>/...
* Root or Alternate Root
/<path>/
<path>/ is the target path specified in the target syntax. By default
"/".
* Catalog Relative Root Directory
/<path>/
/<path>/<installed_software_catalog>/
<installed_software_catalog>/ is the value of the extended option by
the same name. By default "var/lib/swbis/catalog".
PACKAGE CATALOG RELATIVE ROOT
/<{bundle|prod}.tag>/<prod.tag>/<prod.revision>/...
In other words, if 'product' and 'bundle' refers to tags, and
product_revision is the value of the product.revision attribute then
the path segment is:
/bundle/product/product_revision
CATALOG SEQUENCE NUMBER
/<sequence_number>/
/<sequence_number>/...
sequence_number is a decimal integer starting with '0'. It is chosen
by swinstall to be unique at the time of installation.
CATALOG CONTENTS
<sequence_number>/
<sequence_number>/export/
<sequence_number>/export/catalog.tar
<sequence_number>/export/catalog.tar.sig
<sequence_number>/INSTALLED
<sequence_number>/control.sh
<sequence_number>/session_options
<sequence_number>/vendor_tag
<sequence_number>/location
<sequence_number>/qualifier
The export directory
export/
export/...
export/catalog.tar
export/catalog.tar.sig
export/catalog.tar.sig2
...
export/catalog.tar.sigN
The export/ is a file system directory and its name is constant for all
packages and is unique to the swbis implementation. The
export/catalog.tar file is the signed file from the POSIX distribution.
The export/catalog.tar.sig file is the signature file from the
distribution. If there is more than one signature, then it is the last
one. export/catalog.tar.sig2 is the next to last signature, and
export/catalog.tar.sigN is the first one, where N is the total number
of signatures.
INSTALLED -- The state metadata file
<sequence_number>/INSTALLED
The INSTALLED file is similar to an INDEX file in its grammar and
syntax. Unlike an INDEX file, it may contain control_file definitions.
The INSTALLED file stores the control script return codes and fileset
installation state. It is updated several times during the operation
of 'swinstall'. It can be parsed using libexec/swbisparse and the
'--installed' option.
control.sh -- The master control script
<sequence_number>/control.sh
SYNOPSIS: control.sh tag_spec script_tag
The control.sh file is a POSIX shell script that is automatically
generated by swinstall. It provides a common interface for control
script execution. Its primary purpose is to set up the script's
execution environment and map script tags to the control script
pathnames. It assumes that 'export/catalog.tar' is unpacked in
export/.
session_options -- The extended options
<sequence_number>/session_options
This file contains the extended options in a form that may be executed
by the shell '.' (dot) command. It is automatically generated by
swinstall. The value of the SW_SESSION_OPTIONS environment variable is
the absolute pathname of the this file.
EXAMPLE CATALOG ENTRY
Below is an example entry of the catalog created by swbis version
0.405. In this example, the target path is '/mnt/test', the
installed_software_catalog is '/var/lib/swbis/catalog/', the bundle tag
is 'foobare', the product tag is 'foobare-doc', and the product
revision attribute is '0.902'.
/mnt/test/var/lib/swbis/catalog/foobare/foobare-doc/0.902/0/export
/mnt/test/var/lib/swbis/catalog/foobare/foobare-doc/0.902/0/export/catalog.tar
/mnt/test/var/lib/swbis/catalog/foobare/foobare-doc/0.902/0/export/catalog.tar.sig
/mnt/test/var/lib/swbis/catalog/foobare/foobare-doc/0.902/0/INSTALLED
/mnt/test/var/lib/swbis/catalog/foobare/foobare-doc/0.902/0/control.sh
/mnt/test/var/lib/swbis/catalog/foobare/foobare-doc/0.902/0/vendor_tag
/mnt/test/var/lib/swbis/catalog/foobare/foobare-doc/0.902/0/location
/mnt/test/var/lib/swbis/catalog/foobare/foobare-doc/0.902/0/qualifier
/mnt/test/var/lib/swbis/catalog/foobare/foobare-doc/0.902/0/session_options
A deleted old catalog entry begin with '_', for example
/mnt/test/var/lib/swbis/catalog/foobare/foobare-doc/0.902/_0/...
Although swinstall does not depend on the file name as this
accommodates installing from standard input, a typical name for this
package would be:
foobare-doc-0.902-sl04.tar.gz
where 'sl04' is the vendor tag.
IMPLEMENTATION EXTENSIONS
Software Specification Targets
A dash '-' is supported and means stdout or stdin. Operations with
stdout and stdin on a remote host is not supported.
A decimal '.' is supported and means the current directory. This is
supported for remote and non-remote targets. If the source is standard
input, the distribution will be unpacked (e.g. pax -r) in the directory
'.'. If the source is a regular file then a regular file in '.' will
be created with the same name.
RPM Translation
RPM (RedHat Package Manager) format packages are installed by first
translating to an equivalent ISO/IEEE file layout in POSIX tar format
and then installing as a POSIX package. This translation and detection
is transparent to the user if the ''--allow-rpm'' option is set in the
command line args or the swbis_allow_rpm is set to "true" by the
defaults files, otherwise an error occurs.
Since translation is done on the local (management) host, RPM is not
required on the remote (target) host.
The translation is (internally) equivalent to :
cat your-0.0-1.bin.rpm |
/usr/lib/swbis/lxpsf --psf-form2 -H ustar |
swpackage -W source=- -s @PSF | swinstall -s - @/
Testing with RPM
To test the swbis components, a completely independent means to
install and verify a package is needed. RPM provides this means and
can be used in the following way:
rpm -i --nodeps --force your-0.0-1.i386.rpm # Install
rpm --verify --nodeps your-0.0-1 # Show that all is well
rpm -e --nodeps your-0.0-1 # Remove it.
rpm -i --nodeps --justdb your-0.0-1.i386.rpm # Install just the database.
rpm --verify --nodeps your-0.0-1 # Shows the files are missing.
swinstall --allow-rpm -s - < your-0.0-1.i386.rpm
rpm --verify --nodeps your-0.0-1 # Show that all is well again
EXTENDED OPTIONS
Extended options can be specified on the command line using the -x
option or from the defaults file, swdefaults. Shown below is an actual
portion of a defaults file which show default values.
POSIX
These options are set in the /usr/lib/swbis/swdefaults or the
~/.swdefaults
allow_downdate = false # Not Implemented
allow_incompatible = false # Not Implemented
ask = false # Not Implemented
autoreboot = false # Not Implemented
autorecover = false # Not Implemented
autoselect_dependencies = false # Not Implemented
defer_configure = false # Not Implemented
distribution_source_directory = - # Stdin
enforce_dependencies = false # Not Implemented
enforce_locatable = false # Not Implemented
enforce_scripts = false # Not Implemented
enforce_dsa = false # Not Implemented
installed_software_catalog = var/lib/swbis/catalog
logfile = /var/lib/sw/swinstall.log #Not Implemented
loglevel = 0 # Not Implemented
reinstall = false # Not Implemented
select_local = false # Not Implemented
verbose = 1
Swbis Implementation
These options are set in the /usr/lib/swbis/swbisdefaults or the
${HOME}/.swbis/swbisdefaults file.
swinstall.swbis_no_getconf = true # true or false
swinstall.swbis_shell_command = detect # {detect|sh|bash|ksh|posix}
swinstall.swbis_no_remote_kill = false # true or false
swinstall.swbis_no_audit = false # true or false
swinstall.swbis_quiet_progress_bar = false # true or false
swinstall.swbis_local_pax_write_command=pax #{pax|tar|star|gtar}
swinstall.swbis_remote_pax_write_command=pax #{pax|tar|star|gtar}
swinstall.swbis_local_pax_read_command=pax #{pax|tar|gtar|star}
swinstall.swbis_remote_pax_read_command=pax #{pax|tar|gtar|star}
swinstall.swbis_enforce_sig=false # true or false
swinstall.swbis_enforce_file_md5=false # true or false
swinstall.swbis_allow_rpm=false # true or false
swinstall.swbis_remote_shell_client=ssh
swinstall.swbis_install_volatile=true
swinstall.swbis_volatile_newname= #empty string, e.g. ".rpmnew"
RETURN VALUE
0 if all targets succeeded, 1 if all targets failed, 2 if some targets
failed and some succeeded.
NOTES
Multiple ssh-hops is an implementation extension.
REQUISITE UTILITIES
The swbis distributed utilities require bash, public domain ksh, or
ksh93 (version 2009年05月05日), or Sun's /usr/xpg4/bin/sh to be present on
the target host. If the swbis_shell_command extended option is set to
'detect' you don't have to know which one is present, otherwise you may
specify one explicitly.
A POSIX awk is required, and with the ability to specify several
thousand bytes of program text as a command argument. GNU awk works,
as does the ATT Awk book awk, and the awk on BSD systems. See the
INSTALL file for further details regarding a small issue with the
OpenSolaris (c.2006) awk.
FILES
/var/lib/swbis/catalog # Location of installed catalog
/usr/lib/swbis/swdefaults
/usr/lib/swbis/swbisdefaults
$HOME/.swbis/swdefaults
$HOME/.swbis/swbisdefaults
APPLICABLE STANDARDS
ISO/IEC 15068-2:1999, Open Group CAE C701
SEE ALSO
info swbis
swcopy(8), sw(5), swbisparse(1), swign(1), swverify(8), swbis(1),
swbis(7)
IDENTIFICATION
swinstall(8): The installation utility of the swbis project.
Author: Jim Lowe Email: jhlowe at acm.org
Version: 1.13
Last Updated: 2014年02月12日
Copying: GNU Free Documentation License
BUGS
swinstall is subject to breakage if a user's account on an intermediate
(or terminal) host in a target spec is not configured to use a Bourne
compatible shell. (This breakage may be eliminated by use of the --no-
getconf option as explained above.)
A multiple ssh hop source spec (more than 1 remote host involved in
the source transfer) upon a SIGINT may result in sshd and ssh processes
being left on on the intermediate host(s), this despite, swinstall's
action of sending a SIGTERM to the remote script's parent process.
swinstall does not currently implement Software Selections, not fileset
dependencies, and much more. Only packages with one product and one
fileset are supported.
swinstall(8)
swremove(8) System Manager's Manual swremove(8)
NAME
swremove -- Remove installed software
SYNOPSIS
swremove [-d|-r] [-v] [-t targetfile] \
[-x option=value] [-X options_file] [-W option] \
[software_selections] [@targets]
swremove --cleansh [options] [@targets]
DESCRIPTION
swremove removes installed software. swremove is a distributed
utility. Neither swremove nor any component of swbis is required on
the target host, however, the target host must look like a Unix system
at the shell and command-line utility level. Remote network
connections are made by ssh. Ssh is the default but rsh can be
selected by a command line option.
swremove operates on installed software identified by a software
selection and target.
OPTIONS
-d
Specify the target is a distribution.
Note: This is currently not supported by this
implementation.
-f FILE
Read the list of software selections from FILE.
-p
Preview mode, establish contact with target host, however,
modify nothing.
-r
Indicates that the operation is on installed software at a
location indicated by the the target.
Note: This is the default mode among -d and -r
-t targetfile
Specify a file containing a list of targets (one per line).
-v
Increment the verbose level.
-x option=value
Specify the extended option overriding the defaults file value.
-X FILE
Specify the extended options filename, FILE, overriding the
default filenames. This option may be given more then once. If
the resulting specified value is an empty string then reading of
any options file is disabled.
--help
Show help (Implementation extension)
-W option[,option,...]
Specify the implementation extension option.
Syntax: -W option[=option_argument[,option...]
Options may be separated by a comma. The implementation
extension options may also be given individually using the
'--long-option[=option_arg]' syntax.
--allow-ambig
Allows swremove to act on all matching entries. Without this
option a software selection that matches more than one installed
software entry is an error.
--sig-level=N
Specify number of required GPG signatures, N equal to 0 means
don't require the catalog to be signed.
--cleansh
Kill stray or zombied processes that match the pattern ``sh
-s.*_swbis''. These may be caused by a distributed utility
segfaulting or a signal handling defect in the swbis utility.
-W remote-shell=SHELL
Defaults File Option: swbis_remote_shell_client
Supported shells are "ssh" and "rsh", ssh is the default.
-W show-options-files
Show the complete list of options files and if they are found.
-W show-options
Show the options after reading the files and parsing the command
line options.
-W pax-command={tar|pax|star|gtar}
Set the portable archive command for all operations. The
default is "pax".
-W pax-read-command={tar|pax|star|gtar}
Set the read command for local and remote hosts.
-W remote-pax-read-command={tar|pax|star|gtar}
Defaults File Option: swbis_remote_pax_read_command
Set the read command for remote hosts. This is the command that
runs on the target (e.g. pax -r, tar xpf -). The default is
"pax".
-W local-pax-read-command={tar|pax|star|gtar}
Defaults File Option: swbis_local_pax_read_command
Set the read command for local hosts. This is the command that
runs on the target (e.g. pax -r, tar xpf -). The default is
"pax".
-W pax-write-command={tar|pax|star|gtar|swbistar}
Set the write command for local and remote hosts. This is the
command that runs on the target (e.g. pax -w, tar cf -).
-W remote-pax-write-command={tar|pax|star|gtar|swbistar}
Defaults File Option: swbis_remote_pax_write_command
Set the write command for remote hosts.
-W local-pax-write-command={tar|pax|star|gtar|swbistar}
Defaults File Option: swbis_local_pax_write_command
Set the portable archive write command for local host
operations. This is the command that runs on the source (e.g.
pax -w, tar cf -). The default is "pax".
-W remote-pax-write-command={tar|pax|star|gtar|swbistar}
Defaults File Option: swbis_remote_pax_write_command
Set the portable archive write command for remote host
operations. This is the command that runs on the source (e.g.
pax -w, tar cf -). The default is "pax".
-W no-defaults
Do not read any defaults files.
-W no-getconf
Defaults File Option: swbis_no_getconf
Makes the remote command be '/bin/sh -s' instead of the default
'PATH=`getconf PATH` sh -s'.
-W shell-command=NAME
Defaults File Option: swbis_shell_command
NAME may be one of "bash", "sh" or "posix" and specifies the
remote command run by the remote shell. "posix" is
'PATH=`getconf PATH` sh -s', "bash" is "/bin/bash -s", "sh" is
"/bin/sh -s", and "ksh" is "ksh -s". The default is "posix".
-W use-getconf
Opposite of --no-getconf.
-W source-script-name=NAME
Write the script that is written into the remote shell's stdin
to NAME. This is useful for debugging.
-W target-script-name=NAME
Write the script that is written into the remote shell's stdin
to NAME. This is useful for debugging.
software_selections
Refer to the software objects (products, filesets) using
software spec syntax. (See sw(5) for syntax).
target
Refers to the software_collection where the software selections
are to be applied. Allows specification of host and pathname
where the software collection is located. A target that
contains only one part is assumed to be a hostname. To force
interpretation as a path, use a absolute path or prefix with
':'.
Source and Target Specification and Logic
Synopsis:
Posix:
host[:path]
host
host:
/path # Absolute path
Swbis Extension:
[user@]host[:path]
[user@]host_port[:path]
:path
Swbis Multi-hop Target Extension:
# ':' is the target delimiter
# '_' delimits a port number in the host field
[user@]host[@@[user@]host[@@...]][:file]
[user@]host_port[@@[user@]host[@@...]][:file]
# Using ':', a trailing colon is used to
# disambiguate between a host and file.
# For Example,
:file
host:
host
host:file
host:host:
host_port:host_port:
host:host:file
user@host:user@host:
user@host:user@host:host:
user@host:user@host:file
A more formal description:
target : HOST_CHARACTER_STRING ':' PATHNAME_CHARACTER_STRING
| HOST_CHARACTER_STRING ':'
| HOST_CHARACTER_STRING
| PATHNAME_CHARACTER_STRING
| ':' PATHNAME_CHARACTER_STRING # Impl extension
;
PATHNAME_CHARACTER_STRING must be an absolute path unless
a HOST_CHARACTER_STRING is given. Allowing
a relative path is a feature of the swbis
implementation.
NOTE: A '.' as a target is an implementation
extension and means extract in current
directory.
NOTE: A '-' indicating stdout/stdin is an
implementation extension.
NOTE: A ':' in the first character indicates a filename.
This is an implementation extension.
HOST_CHARACTER_STRING is an IP or hostname.
Examples:
Copy the distribution /var/tmp/foo.tar.gz at 192.168.1.10
swcopy -s /var/tmp/foo.tar.gz @192.168.1.10:/root
Implementation Extension Syntax (multi ssh-hop) :
Syntax:
%start wtarget # the Implementation Extension Target
# Note: a trailing ':' forces interpretation
# as a host, not a file.
wtarget : wtarget DELIM sshtarget
| sshtarget
| sshtarget DELIM
;
sshtarget : user '@' target # Note: only the last target
| target # may have a PATHNAME, and only a host
; * may have a user
target : HOST_CHARACTER_STRING
| PATHNAME_CHARACTER_STRING
;
user : PORTABLE_CHARACTER_STRING # The user name
DELIM : ':' # The multi-hop delimiter.
;
USAGE EXAMPLES
Remove everything at 192.168.1.2 from the root directory
swremove --allow-ambig \* @ root@192.168.1.2:/
Preview removal of every package listing every file, but modify nothing
swremove -vv -p --allow-ambig \* @ root@192.168.1.2:/
Remove everything at 192.168.1.2 from the home directory of user
'jailbird'.
swremove --allow-ambig \* @ jailbird@192.168.1.2:.
Remove package foo from the root '/', or elevate your credentials via ssh
swremove foo @ /
swremove foo @ root@localhost:/
Show the options
swremove --show-options
EXTENDED OPTIONS
Extended options can be specified on the command line using the -x
option or from the defaults file, swdefaults. Shown below is an actual
portion of a defaults file which show default values.
POSIX
These options are set in the /usr/lib/swbis/swdefaults or the
~/.swdefaults on the local (management host, host where swremove is
invoked). These files on the target host are not used.
autoselect_dependencies = false
distribution_target_directory = /
enforce_dependencies = false
enforce_scripts = true
installed_software_catalog = var/lib/swbis/catalog/
logfile = /var/log/sw.log
loglevel = 1
select_local = true
verbose = 1
Swbis Implementation
These options are set in the /usr/lib/swbis/swbisdefaults or the
~/.swbis/swbisdefaults file.
swremove.swbis_no_getconf = true # true or false
swremove.swbis_shell_command = posix # {sh|bash|posix|ksh}
swremove.swbis_no_remote_kill = false # true or false
swremove.swbis_local_pax_write_command=tar #{pax|tar|star|gtar}
swremove.swbis_remote_pax_write_command=tar #{pax|tar|star|gtar}
swremove.swbis_local_pax_read_command=tar #{pax|tar|gtar|star}
swremove.swbis_remote_pax_read_command=tar #{pax|tar|gtar|star}
swremove.swbis_local_pax_remove_command=tar
swremove.swbis_remote_pax_remove_command=tar
swremove.swbis_remote_shell_client=ssh
swremove.swbis_forward_agent=True
swremove.swbis_sig_level=0
swremove.swbis_enforce_all_signatures=false
RETURN VALUE
0 if all targets succeeded, 1 if all targets failed or internal error,
2 if some targets failed and some succeeded.
NOTES
Multiple ssh-hops is an implementation extension.
REQUISITE UTILITIES
The swbis distributed utilities require bash, public domain ksh, or
Sun's /usr/xpg4/bin/sh to be present on the target host. If the
swbis_shell_command extended option is set to 'detect' you don't have
to know which one is present, otherwise you may specify one explicitly.
A POSIX awk is required, and with the ability to specify several
thousand bytes of program text as a command argument. GNU awk works,
as does the ATT Awk book awk, and the awk on BSD systems. See the
INSTALL file for further details regarding a small issue with the
OpenSolaris (c.2006) awk.
GNU Privacy Guard, gpg is required for verification of package
signatures.
swremove uses rm and rmdir for file and directory removal.
Other utilities required to be in $PATH on the remote host are: dd, pax
(or tar|star|gtar), mkdir, echo, test, sleep, read (if not builtin).
FILES
/var/lib/swbis/catalog # Location of installed catalog
/usr/lib/swbis/swdefaults
/usr/lib/swbis/swbisdefaults
$HOME/.swbis/swdefaults
$HOME/.swbis/swbisdefaults
APPLICABLE STANDARDS
ISO/IEC 15068-2:1999, Open Group CAE C701
SEE ALSO
info swbis
swbis(7), sw(5), swlist(8)
IDENTIFICATION
swremove(8): The package removal utility of the swbis project.
Author: Jim Lowe Email: jhlowe at acm.org
Version: 1.13
Last Updated: 2008年04月18日
Copying: GNU Free Documentation License
BUGS
swremove is subject to breakage if a user's account on an intermediate
(or terminal) host in a target spec is not configured to use a Bourne
compatible shell. (This breakage may be eliminated by use of the --no-
getconf option as explained above.) swremove does not support rollback
if an error occurs during processing.
swremove(8)
swcopy(8) System Manager's Manual swcopy(8)
NAME
swcopy -- Copy POSIX and RPM packages.
SYNOPSIS
swcopy [-p] [-s source_file] [-f file] [-t targetfile] \
[-x option=value] [-X options_file] [-W option] \
[software_selections] [@target [target1...]]
DESCRIPTION
swcopy copies a POSIX distribution from a source archive or directory
to a target archive directory. Neither swcopy nor any component of
swbis is required on the target host, however, the target host must
look like a Unix system at the shell and command-line utility level.
Remote network connections are made by ssh. Ssh is the default but rsh
can be selected by a command line option.
Before and during data transfer to the target, the distribution is
audited. Package auditing includes parsing the INDEX and INFO meta-
data files. The package pathnames are checked for consistency with a
valid layout. swcopy can be made to operate on arbitrary data or
archives not in POSIX format by using the --no-audit option. By
default and with no external influences (i.e. swdefaults file) swcopy
will read a archive on stdin and write an audited archive on stdout.
The uncompressed audited output file will be identical to the
uncompressed input file unless an error occurs. Compressed archives
that are audited will be re-compressed in the same format, however, the
resulting file may not be identical to the input file (i.e. date,
filename, and other stored data in the compressed format will be
different).
swcopy operates on serial archives (e.g. compressed tar archives) or on
file system directories. It will attempt to preserve the form (archive
or directory) and compression state of the source object. An exception
is "." as a target (See Implementation Extensions below).
OPTIONS
-f FILE
Reads software_selections from FILE. (Not implemented).
-p
Preview the operation. Information is written to stdout. The
target is not written and no remote connections are established.
-s SOURCE
Specify the source file SOURCE, "-" is standard input. The
syntax is the same as for a target. SOURCE may be a directory
or archive file.
-t targetfile
Specify a file containing a list of targets (one per line).
-x option=value
Specify the extended option overriding the defaults file value.
-X FILE
Specify the extended options filename, FILE, overriding the
default filenames. This option may be given more then once. If
the resulting specified value is an empty string then reading of
any options file is disabled.
-v
Given one time it is identical to -x verbose=2. This option can
be given multiple times with increasing effect. (Implementation
extension option).
-v is level 2, -vv is level 3,... etc.
level 0: silent on stdout and stderr.
level 1: fatal and warning messages to stderr.
-v level 2: level 1 plus a progress bar.
-vv level 3: level 2 plus script stderr.
-vvv level 4: level 3 plus events.
-vvvv level 5: level 4 plus events.
-vvvvv level 6: level 5 plus set shell -vx option.
-vvvvvv level 7 and higher: level 6 plus debugging messages.
The progress meter is suppressed if swcopy is using stdout for
data.
-b SIZE
Set block size, same as --block-size=N (Implementation extension
option).
--version, -V
Show version (Implementation extension)
--help
Show help (Implementation extension)
-W option[,option,...]
Specify the implementation extension option.
Syntax: -W option[=option_argument[,option...]
Options may be separated by a comma. The implementation
extension options may also be given individually using the
'--long-option[=option_arg]' syntax.
-W no-audit
Defaults File Option: swbis_no_audit
Do not audit the transferred file. This allows copying of
arbitrary data.
-W audit
Do audit the transferred file. Useful for overriding
swbisdefaults file.
-W block-size=SIZE
SIZE is number of octets.
-W login
Establishes a interactive shell on the (remote) target host.
Intended for debugging/verifying ssh operation.
-W gzip
Compress output using gzip.
-W bzip
Compress output using bzip2.
-W extract
Install the source using the archive reading utility at the
target.
-W create
Force copy as a tar archive
-W no-extract
For installation to a file, not as a tar archive to be
extracted.
-W pty
Do use pseudo-tty. The system Ptys are only used for the
--login feature. A warning is emitted to stderr which says that
the usage may be insecure.
-W no-pty
Do not use pseudo-tty. The system Ptys are only used by default
for the --login feature, otherwise they are not used and this
option would have no effect. If ptys are used a warning is
emitted to stderr which says that the usage may be insecure.
-W uncompress
Write output archive that is uncompressed.
-W remote-shell=SHELL
Defaults File Option: swbis_remote_shell_client
Supported shells are "ssh" and "rsh", ssh is the default.
-W quiet-progress
Defaults File Option: swbis_quiet_progress_bar
Disable progress bar, which is active for verbose levels 2 and
higher (i.e. -v).
-W show-progress
Enables progress bar.(i.e. -v).
-W show-options-files
Show the complete list of options files and if they are found.
-W show-options
Show the options after reading the files and parsing the command
line options.
-W pax-command={tar|pax|star|gtar}
Set the portable archive command for all operations. The
default is "pax".
-W pax-read-command={tar|pax|star|gtar}
Set the read command for local and remote hosts.
-W remote-pax-read-command={tar|pax|star|gtar}
Defaults File Option: swbis_remote_pax_read_command
Set the read command for remote hosts. This is the command that
runs on the target (e.g. pax -r, tar xpf -). The default is
"pax".
-W local-pax-read-command={tar|pax|star|gtar}
Defaults File Option: swbis_local_pax_read_command
Set the read command for local hosts. This is the command that
runs on the target (e.g. pax -r, tar xpf -). The default is
"pax".
-W pax-write-command={tar|pax|star|gtar|swbistar}
Set the write command for local and remote hosts. This is the
command that runs on the target (e.g. pax -w, tar cf -).
-W remote-pax-write-command={tar|pax|star|gtar|swbistar}
Defaults File Option: swbis_remote_pax_write_command
Set the write command for remote hosts.
-W local-pax-write-command={tar|pax|star|gtar|swbistar}
Defaults File Option: swbis_local_pax_write_command
Set the portable archive write command for local host
operations. This is the command that runs on the source (e.g.
pax -w, tar cf -). The default is "pax".
-W remote-pax-write-command={tar|pax|star|gtar|swbistar}
Defaults File Option: swbis_remote_pax_write_command
Set the portable archive write command for remote host
operations. This is the command that runs on the source (e.g.
pax -w, tar cf -). The default is "pax".
-W no-defaults
Do not read any defaults files.
-W no-remote-kill
Defaults File Option: swbis_no_remote_kill
Disables the use of a second remote connection to tear down the
first in the event of SIGINT or SIGTERM or SIGPIPE. Only has
effect if the number of ssh hops is greater than 1. A single
host remote connection (ssh hop = 1) never uses a second remote
connection.
-W no-getconf
Defaults File Option: swbis_no_getconf
Makes the remote command be '/bin/sh -s' instead of the default
'PATH=`getconf PATH` sh -s'.
-W shell-command=NAME
Defaults File Option: swbis_shell_command
NAME may be one of "detect" "bash", "sh" or "posix" and
specifies the command run by the remote shell. The default is
"detect".
-W use-getconf
Opposite of --no-getconf.
-W allow-rpm
Defaults File Option: swbis_allow_rpm
Allows detection and translation of RPMs. (--audit must also be
set.)
-W unrpm
Turns on options --allow-rpm and --audit.
-W source-script-name=NAME
Write the script that is written into the remote shell's stdin
to NAME. This is useful for debugging.
-W target-script-name=NAME
Write the script that is written into the remote shell's stdin
to NAME. This is useful for debugging.
software_selections
Refer to the software objects (products, filesets) on which to
be operated. (Not implemented). The implementation defined
behavior for no selections is to operate on the entire
distribution.
target
Refers to the software_collection where the software selections
are to be applied. Allows specification of host and pathname
where the software collection is located. A target that
contains only one part is assumed to be a hostname. To force
interpretation as a path, use a absolute path or prefix with
':'.
Source and Target Specification and Logic
Synopsis:
Posix:
host[:path]
host
host:
/path # Absolute path
Swbis Extension:
[user@]host[:path]
[user@]host_port[:path]
:path
Swbis Multi-hop Target Extension:
# ':' is the target delimiter
# '_' delimits a port number in the host field
[user@]host[@@[user@]host[@@...]][:file]
[user@]host_port[@@[user@]host[@@...]][:file]
# Using ':', a trailing colon is used to
# disambiguate between a host and file.
# For Example,
:file
host:
host
host:file
host:host:
host_port:host_port:
host:host:file
user@host:user@host:
user@host:user@host:host:
user@host:user@host:file
A more formal description:
target : HOST_CHARACTER_STRING ':' PATHNAME_CHARACTER_STRING
| HOST_CHARACTER_STRING ':'
| HOST_CHARACTER_STRING
| PATHNAME_CHARACTER_STRING
| ':' PATHNAME_CHARACTER_STRING # Impl extension
;
PATHNAME_CHARACTER_STRING must be an absolute path unless
a HOST_CHARACTER_STRING is given. Allowing
a relative path is a feature of the swbis
implementation.
NOTE: A '.' as a target is an implementation
extension and means extract in current
directory.
NOTE: A '-' indicating stdout/stdin is an
implementation extension.
NOTE: A ':' in the first character indicates a filename.
This is an implementation extension.
HOST_CHARACTER_STRING is an IP or hostname.
Examples:
Copy the distribution /var/tmp/foo.tar.gz at 192.168.1.10
swcopy -s /var/tmp/foo.tar.gz @192.168.1.10:/root
Implementation Extension Syntax (multi ssh-hop) :
Syntax:
%start wtarget # the Implementation Extension Target
# Note: a trailing ':' forces interpretation
# as a host, not a file.
wtarget : wtarget DELIM sshtarget
| sshtarget
| sshtarget DELIM
;
sshtarget : user '@' target # Note: only the last target
| target # may have a PATHNAME, and only a host
; * may have a user
target : HOST_CHARACTER_STRING
| PATHNAME_CHARACTER_STRING
;
user : PORTABLE_CHARACTER_STRING # The user name
DELIM : ':' # The multi-hop delimiter.
;
TARGET COPYING RULES
Rules
If a target directory on the host does not exist it will be created
using mkdir -p using the file creation mask of the originating swcopy
process. A trailing slash in the target spec signifies that the last
path component should be a directory. A source spec that is a
directory will be created on the target as a directory with the same
name in the target directory. If the source spec is stdin then the
existence of directories in the target spec and a trailing slash in the
target spec path determines whether the created file will be a regular
file or directory, that is, stdin will be copied as a file unless the
last target path component is a directory or ends in a slash '/'. If
the source spec is a regular file, the source basename will be used as
the basename in the target if the last target path component is a
directory or ends in a slash '/', otherwise, the target basename is the
last path component of the target spec. The implementation option
--extract biases these rules to install using the archive reading
command (e.g. pax -r).
Examples
Copy a regular file via tar archive creation and extraction.
This will preserve the permissions of the file to the extent tar
can preserve them.
swcopy --no-audit --create --extract -s :README @ HostA
Copy a directory to another host
swcopy --no-audit -s /usr @ HostA:/usr/local/tmp/HostA/
Copy several directories to another host as a compressed
archive file.
swcopy --no-audit --no-extract \
-s /usr -s /etc @ HostA:/tmp/usr-etc.tar.bz2
Install a tarball in the current directory: Note: Must use
stdin as source and "." as the target.
swcopy --no-audit -s - @. < foo.tar.gz
Copy thru a firewall:
swcopy -s /var/tmp/foo.tar.gz \
@root@host1:root@host2:/var/tmp
Copy Stdin to a remote host:
Unpack the archive on stdin in the directory
/a/b/c if 'c' is a directory, otherwise copy
the archive file to a file named 'c' in
directory /a/b creating it if possible and
overwriting if required.
swcopy -s - @host1:/a/b/c
Copy Stdin to a remote host:
Unpack the serial archive on stdin in the
directory /a/b/c if 'c' is a directory,
otherwise make the directory 'c' but fail if
directory 'c' cannot be created.
swcopy -s - @host1:/a/b/c/
# Note trailing slash.
Copy a regular file:
Copy file yy to directory /aa/bb/cc/ on the
remote host, creating it if required and possible.
If cc is a regular file then fail.
swcopy -s /xx/yy @host1:/aa/bb/cc/
Copy a regular file thru intermediate host 'fw':
Copy file yy to home directory of user1 on host1
thru a an intermediate host fw,
swcopy -s /xx/yy @ fw:user1@host1:.
Copy a directory from one host to another
Copy directory yy into directory cc if cc exists,
otherwise create cc and copy yy into it. If cc
is and copy as yy.
swcopy -s /xx/yy @host1:/aa/bb/cc
IMPLEMENTATION EXTENSIONS
Software Specification Targets
A dash '-' is supported and means stdout or stdin. Operations with
stdout and stdin on a remote host is not supported.
A decimal '.' is supported and means the current directory. This is
supported for remote and non-remote targets. If the source is standard
input, the distribution will be unpacked (e.g. pax -r) in the directory
'.'. If the source is a regular file then a regular file in '.' will
be created with the same name.
Thus,
# swcopy -s `pwd`/myarchive.tgz @. # Do NOT do this even
# though in most cases
# swcopy is a coward.
will destroy the source file myarchive.tgz, whereas
# swcopy -s - @. <`pwd`/myarchive.tgz
will install it with the configured archive reading utility.
RPM Translation
RPM (RedHat Package Manager) format packages are copied by first
translating to an equivalent ISO/IEEE file layout in POSIX tar format
and then copying as a POSIX package. The RPM detection and translation
occurs if the ''--allow-rpm'' option is on (either by the command line
args or defaults file) and the ''--audit'' option is on. If the
''--allow-rpm'' option is not set an error occurs. If the ''--audit''
is not set, the RPM is copied as arbitrary data and translation does
not occur.
Since translation is done on the local (management) host, RPM is not
reqired on the remote (target) host.
The translation is (internally) equivalent to :
cat your-poor-poor-0.0.bin.rpm |
/usr/lib/swbis/lxpsf --psf-form2 -H ustar |
swpackage -Wsource=- -s@PSF
EXTENDED OPTIONS
Extended options can be specified on the command line using the -x
option or from the defaults file, swdefaults. Shown below is an actual
portion of a defaults file which show default values.
Posix
These options are set in the /usr/lib/swbis/swdefaults or the
~/.swdefaults
autoselect_dependencies = false # Not Implemented
compress_files = false # Not Implemented
compression_type = none # Not Implemented
distribution_source_directory = -
distribution_target_directory = -
enforce_dependencies = false # Not Implemented
enforce_dsa = false # Not Implemented
logfile = /var/lib/sw/swcopy.log #Not Implemented
loglevel = 1 # Not Implemented
recopy = false # Not Implemented
select_local = false # Not Implemented
uncompress_files = false # Not Implemented
verbose = 1
Swbis Implementation
These options are set in the /usr/lib/swbis/swbisdefaults or the
~/.swbis/swbisdefaults file.
swcopy.swbis_no_getconf = true # true or false
swcopy.swbis_shell_command = detect # {detect|sh|bash|posix|ksh}
swcopy.swbis_no_remote_kill = false # true or false
swcopy.swbis_no_audit = false # true or false
swcopy.swbis_quiet_progress_bar = false # true or false
swcopy.swbis_local_pax_write_command=pax #{pax|tar|star|gtar}
swcopy.swbis_remote_pax_write_command=pax #{pax|tar|star|gtar}
swcopy.swbis_local_pax_read_command=pax #{pax|tar|gtar|star}
swcopy.swbis_remote_pax_read_command=pax #{pax|tar|gtar|star}
swcopy.swbis_allow_rpm = false # true or false
swcopy.swbis_remote_shell_client=ssh
RETURN VALUE
0 if all targets succeeded, 1 if all targets failed, 2 if some targets
failed and some succeeded.
NOTES
Multiple ssh-hops is an implementation extension.
REQUISITE UTILITIES
The swbis distributed utilities require bash, public domain ksh, or
Sun's /usr/xpg4/bin/sh to be present on the target host. If the
swbis_shell_command extended option is set to 'detect' you don't have
to know which one is present, otherwise you may specify one explicitly.
A POSIX awk is required, and with the ability to specify several
thousand bytes of program text as a command argument. GNU awk works,
as does the ATT Awk book awk, and the awk on BSD systems. See the
INSTALL file for further details regarding a small issue with the
OpenSolaris (c.2006) awk.
Tar or pax is used for archive transfer. You may specify which one.
swcopy.swbis_local_pax_write_command=tar #{pax|tar|gtar}
swcopy.swbis_remote_pax_write_command=tar #{pax|tar|gtar}
FILES
/usr/lib/swbis/swdefaults
/usr/lib/swbis/swbisdefaults
$HOME/.swbis/swdefaults
$HOME/.swbis/swbisdefaults
APPLICABLE STANDARDS
ISO/IEC 15068-2:1999, Open Group CAE C701
SEE ALSO
info swbis
sw(5), swbis(7), swbisparse(1), swign(1), swverify(8)
IDENTIFICATION
swcopy(8): The archive copying utility of the swbis project.
Author: Jim Lowe Email: jhlowe at acm.org
Version: 1.13
Last Updated: 2006-07
Copying: GNU Free Documentation License
BUGS
Swcopy is subject to breakage if a user's account on an intermediate
(or terminal) host in a target spec is not configured to use a Bourne
compatible shell. (This breakage may be eliminated by use of the --no-
getconf option as explained above.)
A multiple ssh hop source spec (more than 1 remote host involved in
the source transfer) upon a SIGINT may result in sshd and ssh processes
being left on on the intermediate host(s), this despite, swcopy's
action of sending a SIGTERM to the remote script's parent process.
Swcopy does not currently implement Software Selections nor the events
of the Selection and Analysis Phases nor dependency copying nor fileset
state transitions. The Execution (copying) phase is done on the entire
distribution by the utility selected in .../swbisdefaults which is
pax(1) by default. Pax is not found on all GNU/Linux systems. Also,
the pax version shipped with some (older) GNU/Linux systems mangles the
pathname of files whose pathname is exactly 100 octets long. Despite
this pax is the the builtin default. GNU tar is widely used and
trusted but creates non-standard archives for long pathnames. Perhaps
the best compromise is to use star (with -H ustar header option) for
archive creation and (GNU) tar for archive reading. If your
environment is 100% GNU/Linux using GNU tar is safe (GNU tar 1.13.25 is
recommended). Swcopy does not support using the cpio utility since its
archive writing interface is unlike pax and tar, although, future
support is possible for archive reading.
swcopy(8)
swlist(8) System Manager's Manual swlist(8)
NAME
swlist -- List information about the software
SYNOPSIS
swlist [-d|-r] [-v] [-a attribute] [-l level] [-t targetfile] \
[-c file] [-x option=value] [-X options_file] [-W option] \
[software_selections] [@targets]
swlist --products [software_selections] [@targets]
swlist --files [@targets]
swlist --dir [software_selections] [@targets]
swlist --dependencies [--prerequisites sw_spec] \
[--exrequisites sw_spec] [@targets]
DESCRIPTION
swlist lists information about a distribution or installed software.
Neither swlist nor any component of swbis is required on the target
host, however, the target host must look like a Unix system at the
shell and command-line utility level. Remote network connections are
made by ssh. Ssh is the default but rsh can be selected by a command
line option.
swlist operates on serial archives (e.g. compressed tar archives) or on
a file system directory representing installed software. The default
target directory is '/', this default is subject to user configuration.
OPTIONS
-a attribute
Specify an attribute to list. Only the architecture attribute
is supported for installed_software at this time (MAR 2007).
The returned value is determined by running GNU config.guess on
the target host.
-c FILE
Write the catalog to FILE. Software selections are applied. The
only supported FILE is '-' causing a dump of the catalog to
stdout in tar format.
-d
Specify the target is a distribution.
-f FILE
Read the list of software selections from FILE.
-l LEVEL
Specify a level to list. LEVEL is an enumerated list of objects:
bundle, product, fileset, control_file, file (Not yet
implemented)
-r
Indicates that the operation is on installed software at a
location indicated by the the target.
-t targetfile
Specify a file containing a list of targets (one per line).
-v
List attribute value pairs in INDEX file format according to
attibutes specified by the -a option, list all attributes if -a
not used; or, increment the verbose level.
Note: This option is overloaded. It means two different
things depending on the context. If a mode is explicitly
given, then it means increment verbosity, otherwise it
means list in INDEX file format.
-x option=value
Specify the extended option overriding the defaults file value.
-X FILE
Specify the extended options filename, FILE, overriding the
default filenames. This option may be given more then once. If
the resulting specified value is an empty string then reading of
any options file is disabled.
--help
Show help (Implementation extension)
-W option[,option,...]
Specify the implementation extension option.
Syntax: -W option[=option_argument[,option...]
Options may be separated by a comma. The implementation
extension options may also be given individually using the
'--long-option[=option_arg]' syntax.
--products
List the product's tag, revision, vendor_tag and location.
--directory
List the catalog directory entries.
--files
List files as defined in the installed catalog
--sys
List files as exists in the file system
--dependencies
Run in check dependency mode. Assert dependencies against
installed software catalog. Dependencies are software specs
given by the --prerequisites and --extrequisites options
--prerequisites=SW_SPEC
Specify depencency to check, may be used multiple times.
Prerequisites packages are required to be installed.
--exrequisites=SW_SPEC
Specify depencency to check, may be used multiple times.
Exrequisites packages are required not to be installed.
-W remote-shell=SHELL
Defaults File Option: swbis_remote_shell_client
Supported shells are "ssh" and "rsh", ssh is the default.
-W show-options-files
Show the complete list of options files and if they are found.
-W show-options
Show the options after reading the files and parsing the command
line options.
-W pax-command={tar|pax|star|gtar}
Set the portable archive command for all operations. The
default is "pax".
-W pax-read-command={tar|pax|star|gtar}
Set the read command for local and remote hosts.
-W remote-pax-read-command={tar|pax|star|gtar}
Defaults File Option: swbis_remote_pax_read_command
Set the read command for remote hosts. This is the command that
runs on the target (e.g. pax -r, tar xpf -). The default is
"pax".
-W local-pax-read-command={tar|pax|star|gtar}
Defaults File Option: swbis_local_pax_read_command
Set the read command for local hosts. This is the command that
runs on the target (e.g. pax -r, tar xpf -). The default is
"pax".
-W pax-write-command={tar|pax|star|gtar|swbistar}
Set the write command for local and remote hosts. This is the
command that runs on the target (e.g. pax -w, tar cf -).
-W remote-pax-write-command={tar|pax|star|gtar|swbistar}
Defaults File Option: swbis_remote_pax_write_command
Set the write command for remote hosts.
-W local-pax-write-command={tar|pax|star|gtar|swbistar}
Defaults File Option: swbis_local_pax_write_command
Set the portable archive write command for local host
operations. This is the command that runs on the source (e.g.
pax -w, tar cf -). The default is "pax".
-W remote-pax-write-command={tar|pax|star|gtar|swbistar}
Defaults File Option: swbis_remote_pax_write_command
Set the portable archive write command for remote host
operations. This is the command that runs on the source (e.g.
pax -w, tar cf -). The default is "pax".
-W no-defaults
Do not read any defaults files.
-W no-getconf
Defaults File Option: swbis_no_getconf
Makes the remote command be '/bin/sh -s' instead of the default
'PATH=`getconf PATH` sh -s'.
-W shell-command=NAME
Defaults File Option: swbis_shell_command
NAME may be one of "detect" "bash", "sh" or "posix" and
specifies the remote command run by the remote shell. "posix"
is 'PATH=`getconf PATH` sh -s', "bash" is "/bin/bash -s", "sh"
is "/bin/sh -s", and "ksh" is "ksh -s". The default is "posix".
-W use-getconf
Opposite of --no-getconf.
-W source-script-name=NAME
Write the script that is written into the remote shell's stdin
to NAME. This is useful for debugging.
-W target-script-name=NAME
Write the script that is written into the remote shell's stdin
to NAME. This is useful for debugging.
software_selections
Refer to the software objects (products, filesets) using
software spec syntax. (See sw(5) for syntax).
target
Refers to the software_collection where the software selections
are to be applied. Allows specification of host and pathname
where the software collection is located. A target that
contains only one part is assumed to be a hostname. To force
interpretation as a path, use a absolute path or prefix with
':'.
Source and Target Specification and Logic
Synopsis:
Posix:
host[:path]
host
host:
/path # Absolute path
Swbis Extension:
[user@]host[:path]
[user@]host_port[:path]
:path
Swbis Multi-hop Target Extension:
# ':' is the target delimiter
# '_' delimits a port number in the host field
[user@]host[@@[user@]host[@@...]][:file]
[user@]host_port[@@[user@]host[@@...]][:file]
# Using ':', a trailing colon is used to
# disambiguate between a host and file.
# For Example,
:file
host:
host
host:file
host:host:
host_port:host_port:
host:host:file
user@host:user@host:
user@host:user@host:host:
user@host:user@host:file
A more formal description:
target : HOST_CHARACTER_STRING ':' PATHNAME_CHARACTER_STRING
| HOST_CHARACTER_STRING ':'
| HOST_CHARACTER_STRING
| PATHNAME_CHARACTER_STRING
| ':' PATHNAME_CHARACTER_STRING # Impl extension
;
PATHNAME_CHARACTER_STRING must be an absolute path unless
a HOST_CHARACTER_STRING is given. Allowing
a relative path is a feature of the swbis
implementation.
NOTE: A '.' as a target is an implementation
extension and means extract in current
directory.
NOTE: A '-' indicating stdout/stdin is an
implementation extension.
NOTE: A ':' in the first character indicates a filename.
This is an implementation extension.
HOST_CHARACTER_STRING is an IP or hostname.
Examples:
Copy the distribution /var/tmp/foo.tar.gz at 192.168.1.10
swcopy -s /var/tmp/foo.tar.gz @192.168.1.10:/root
Implementation Extension Syntax (multi ssh-hop) :
Syntax:
%start wtarget # the Implementation Extension Target
# Note: a trailing ':' forces interpretation
# as a host, not a file.
wtarget : wtarget DELIM sshtarget
| sshtarget
| sshtarget DELIM
;
sshtarget : user '@' target # Note: only the last target
| target # may have a PATHNAME, and only a host
; * may have a user
target : HOST_CHARACTER_STRING
| PATHNAME_CHARACTER_STRING
;
user : PORTABLE_CHARACTER_STRING # The user name
DELIM : ':' # The multi-hop delimiter.
;
IMPLEMENTATION EXTENSIONS
The --dependencies, --products, and --files are implementation
extension modes.
USAGE EXAMPLES
Show the path of the installed software catalog.
swlist --show-options | grep installed_
List Product from a certain distributor
List products from a certain distributor, foo (Note: this requires
that the foo vendor uses foo_something_ as the product vendor_tag in
their distributions.
swlist v="foo*"
List all products
swlist @/ # If distribution_target_directory=/ then "swlist" alone
# will suffice.
List products installed at alternate root /mnt/test
swlist @/mnt/test
List the files of package foo as they exist in the file system
swlist -vv --files --sys foo @ root@localhost
List products according to a name pattern and revision, and distributor
swlist emacs"*","r>20",v=rh"*" @/
Test Dependencies
Check if a given dependency passes against a given installed catalog on
a host
swlist -x verbose=3 --depend --pre="foo*,r>=1.0,r<2" @192.168.3.1:/; echo $?
EXTENDED OPTIONS
Extended options can be specified on the command line using the -x
option or from the defaults file, swdefaults. Shown below is an actual
portion of a defaults file which show default values.
POSIX
These options are set in the /usr/lib/swbis/swdefaults or the
~/.swdefaults on the local (management host, host where swlist
invoked). These files on the target host are not used.
distribution_target_directory = /
installed_software_catalog = var/lib/swbis/catalog/
one_liner = files|products # Mode when -v not given
select_local = false # Not Implemented
verbose = 1
Swbis Implementation
These options are set in the /usr/lib/swbis/swbisdefaults or the
~/.swbis/swbisdefaults file.
swlist.swbis_no_getconf = true # true or false
swlist.swbis_shell_command = detect # {detect|sh|bash|posix|ksh}
swlist.swbis_no_remote_kill = false # true or false
swlist.swbis_local_pax_write_command=detect #{pax|tar|gtar|detect}
swlist.swbis_remote_pax_write_command=detect #{pax|tar|gtar|detect}
swlist.swbis_local_pax_read_command=tar #{pax|tar|gtar|star}
swlist.swbis_remote_pax_read_command=tar #{pax|tar|gtar|star}
swlist.swbis_remote_shell_client=ssh
swlist.swbis_forward_agent=True
RETURN VALUE
0 if all targets succeeded, 1 if all targets failed or internal error,
2 if some targets failed and some succeeded. When checking
dependencies, 3 if the given sw_specs failed as dependencies, 0 if
succeeded.
NOTES
Multiple ssh-hops is an implementation extension.
REQUISITE UTILITIES
The swbis distributed utilities require bash, public domain ksh, or
Sun's /usr/xpg4/bin/sh to be present on the target host. If the
swbis_shell_command extended option is set to 'detect' you don't have
to know which one is present, otherwise you may specify one explicitly.
A POSIX awk is required, and with the ability to specify several
thousand bytes of program text as a command argument. GNU awk works,
as does the ATT Awk book awk, and the awk on BSD systems. See the
INSTALL file for further details regarding a small issue with the
OpenSolaris (c.2006) awk.
Tar or pax is used for internally for data transfer. You may specify
which one. swlist and swverify require either GNU tar or pax be
present on a host. You may set auto detection for this requirement
swlist.swbis_local_pax_write_command=detect #{pax|tar|gtar|detect}
swlist.swbis_remote_pax_write_command=detect #{pax|tar|gtar|detect}
GNU Privacy Guard, gpg is required for verification of package
signatures.
FILES
/var/lib/swbis/catalog # Location of installed catalog
/usr/lib/swbis/swdefaults
/usr/lib/swbis/swbisdefaults
$HOME/.swbis/swdefaults
$HOME/.swbis/swbisdefaults
APPLICABLE STANDARDS
ISO/IEC 15068-2:1999, Open Group CAE C701
SEE ALSO
info swbis
swbis(7), sw(5), swbisparse(1), swign(1), swverify(8)
IDENTIFICATION
swlist(8): The query/listing utility of the swbis project.
Author: Jim Lowe Email: jhlowe at acm.org
Version: 1.13
Last Updated: 2006-07
Copying: GNU Free Documentation License
BUGS
swlist is subject to breakage if a user's account on an intermediate
(or terminal) host in a target spec is not configured to use a Bourne
compatible shell. (This breakage may be eliminated by use of the --no-
getconf option as explained above.)
swlist does not currently implement the -v,-a options. Listing
products in a distribution is not supported. Operating on a
distribution in directory form is not supported. The catalog query
funtions are implemented in awk and subject to its bugs.
swlist(8)
swverify(8) System Manager's Manual swverify(8) NAME swverify -- Verify Software SYNOPSIS Posix: swverify [-d|-r] [-F] [-f file] [-t targetfile] \ [-x option=value] [-X options_file] [-W option] \ [software_selections] [@targets] swverify # Verify standard input swverify selection [@ target] # Verify Installed Software swverify -d [@ target] swverify -d @- # dash means standard input swverify [--scm|--order-files] -d @. # . means current directory swverify [--scm|--order-files] -d @:package_directory Implementation Extension: swverify [-Wd] -Wemit-digest-file [portable_archive_file] swverify [-Wd] -Wemit-signed-file [portable_archive_file] swverify [-Wd] [-Wsha1] -Wemit-digest-file [portable_archive_file] swverify [-Wd] -Wget-sig-if=sigfilename [portable_archive_file] DESCRIPTION The swverify utility checks the accuracy of software in distributions and installed_software. If no options are given, a serial distribution on stdin is verified. Currently, swverify does not read the defaults files. "/" is the default target for installed software. Stdin is the default target for distributions. The built-in value of "installed_software_catalog" is "var/lib/swbis/catalog". OPTIONS -d Specify to operate on a distribution rather than installed software. -r Specify that target is an alternate root target. (Not currently used) software_selections See other man pages. targets See other man pages. Currently, only one (1) target can be specified. -x option=value Specify the extended option overriding the defaults file value. This option not yet implemented. -X FILE Specify the extended options filename, FILE, overriding the default filename. This option not yet implemented. Other POSIX options not implemented. POSIX EXTENDED OPTIONS Not yet implemented. IMPLEMENTATION EXTENSION OPTIONS -W option[,option,...] Specify the implementation extension option. Syntax: -W option[=option_argument[,option...] Options may be separated by a comma. --checksig | -W checksig This is the default action and is the same as the POSIX syntax "-d @target". If target file is not a directory then verify archive md5 and sha1 and gpg signature directly from the file. If target file is a directory, attempt to verify the signature using GNU tar and gpg and if successful execute the distributor extension script checksig. If checksig does not exist then exit with failure. FILE may be "." (current directory) or "-" (standard input). A serial archive file may be compressed with gzip, bzip2, or Unix compress. --order-catalog Use the order of files in catalog/dfiles/files to recreate the signed data when verifying the directory (unpacked tarball) form of the package. --cvs Read and process information in the ./catalog (before it is authenticated) to correct the file sytem meta-data in an attempt to verify the GPG signature. It only affects verification on the directory (unpacked tarball), not tarball verification. It is required when verifying an exported or working SCM (Source Code Management, such as CVS) directory if the SCM does not preserve and restore file system meta-data. This option also emliminates the dependency on the order of files in file system directories. --scm Currently, same as the --cvs option. --no-checkdigest When verifying the directory form, do not run the checkdigest script even if the GPG signed data contains the checkdigest script. --signed-file [FILE] Write the GPG signed portion of the package to stdout without verifying it. Read archive file FILE or standard input and write the signed file (i.e. gpg's signed stuff) to stdout. This is the catalog section of the Posix package. This option is supported for the tarball file and unpacked tarball directory. Use of the --scm option may be required for the unpacked tarball directory form. --digest-file [FILE] Write the payload portion of the package to stdout without verifying its digest matches the digest in the signed data. This is the storage section of the Posix package. This option is not supported for the unpacked tarball form. -W emit-signed-file | -W C Same as --signed-data. Also the same as -WC -W emit-digest-file [FILE] Same as --digest-data. Also the same as -WS -W show-auth-files | -W d Writes the relevent security file to stderr. Applies to emit- digest-file and emit-signed-file modes. -W sig-number=N Operates on the Nth signature, 0 is last, 1 is the first. -W get-sig-if=outputfile Verifies the archive digests by comparing to the digests in the catalog and if they match write the sigfile to outputfile and the signed data to stdout. DISTRIBUTOR SCRIPTS Not yet implemented. IMPLEMENTATION EXTENSION DISTRIBUTOR SCRIPTS checkdigest <path>/catalog/<dfiles>/checkdigest This script was named 'checksig'. As of 2006年03月28日, the name of this script should be 'checkdigest'. The name 'checksig' should be considered deprecated for new packages. A software distributor may choose to provide a checkdigest script. The checkdigest script is part of the distribution object. It is used to verify the directory form of a distribution (as distinguished from installed_software). The verified attributes are the same as those verified from the archive file form with the addition of the distribution file list. In addition the script may chose to verify the adjunct_md5sum and file.md5 digests and symbolic links. Due to the constraints of reproducing the archive message digests from the directory, which include tar utility dependence and file owner/group specification, this script may not be useful to all distributors. Execution Environment The script may require the SW_CONTROL_TAG environment variable be set to "checkdigest" or "checkfile" and if not exit with failure. swverify will set this variable to "checkfile" if the --scm or --cvs option is used, and otherwise to "checkdigest". The script may take different action based on the value. Currently, the checkdigest script used by the swbis source package will omit the archive digests checks if set to SW_CONTROL_TAG="checkfile" since reproducing the archive digest is not possible when the package is exported from CVS due to file system meta- data non-preservation. In this case the file list is checked and the md5 and sha1 digests are verified for each regular file. VERIFYING SIGNATURES The design separates the payload and catalog, therefore, verification requires verifying the storage section md5 and sha1 message digests and then verifying the signature of the catalog. Naturally, it is required that the signed data include the storage section message digests and that they match the storage sections. The storage section digests are stored as separate attribute files in the dfiles catalog directory. The checksig (i.e. swverify -d @-) mode verifies a tarballs embedded signature. This mode checks all the security files in the package and is the preferred way to authenticate a package. The emit-signed-file, emit-digest-file modes are useful for testing, sanity checks and custom applications. The get-sig-if is the function used when verifying a tarball. Verifying a POSIX Distribution Archive Manually The design of the authentication attributes supports manual verification of the archive file (e.g. tarball) form of the distribution, that is verification take place on the uncompressed archive using 'gpg', GNU 'tar' and the swbis utility 'swverify' (or the library utility 'arf2arf'). The authentication requires the following steps: 1) Obtain the signature from the package. 2) Recreate the signed data and present this byte stream and the signature to GNU privacy guard (gpg) for authentication. 3) Obtain the message digest (md5, sha1,) contained in the control file in the authenticated archive byte stream. 4) Recreate the digest byte stream and present to the appropriate hash generation program to generate the message digest. 5) Compare the digest message generated in step 4 to the authenicated digest obtained in step 3. 1) Obtain the signature from the package. #!/bin/sh tar zxf - -O \*/catalog/dfiles/signature < swbis-0.460.tar.gz 2) Recreate the signed data #!/bin/sh swverify -WC < swbis-0.460.tar.gz | gpg --verify /dev/tty - # Cut and paste the signature file obtained in step 1 3) Obtain the message digest #!/bin/sh swverify -WC < swbis-0.460.tar.gz | \ tar xf - -O \*/catalog/dfiles/md5sum 4) Create the digested byte stream #!/bin/sh swverify -WS < swbis-0.460.tar.gz | md5sum Verifying a POSIX Distribution Directory Manually Verifying the unpacked tarball package form. The design of the authentication attributes supports manual verification of the directory (unpacked) form of the distribution, that is verification takes place on the leading package directory and its contents. It should be noted that it is left to the user to verify that the archive installed no files outside of this directory as this would likely indicate a trojan'ed package. If authenticating on a GNU/Linux system using GNU tar it is possible to validate the archive message digests and signature if the following are true: 1) The package file is a tar archive. 2) The installed version of GNU tar produces archives with bit-for-bit sameness relative to the swpackage(8) utility that generated the signature and message digests. For packages made with swbis versions>= 0.474 and with format option "ustar" you will need GNU tar 1.14 or 1.15.* 3) The package has a single leading package directory, like a source package. 4) The package catalog contains the 'checkdigest' script. 5) The package catalog contains the distribution file list. 6) The ownership names are present and have the same uid's and gid's. 7) The package was unpacked with a version of tar that preserves all file times. Use for example "tar xpf". In this example, the package has a single path name prefix called, namedir and the file owner/group are root. These restrictions are suited to source packages. Verify the signature: #!/bin/sh tar cf - -b1 --owner=root --group=root \ --exclude=namedir/catalog/dfiles/signature \ namedir/catalog | gpg --verify namedir/catalog/dfiles/signature - If this fails try using GNU tar option --posix. If this fails then, try experimenting with the owner, group, and numeric-id options. If you are unable to verify a tar byte stream using gpg(1) that contains the storage section message digests, then the package cannot be authenticated. Assuming you successfully verified the catalog as shown above, now generate the message digest and compare it to the md5sum file attribute from the same byte stream that gpg(1) claims is authenticate. #!/bin/sh grep -v namedir/catalog namedir/catalog/dfiles/files | \ tar cf - -b1 --owner=root --group=root \ --files-from=- --no-recursion | md5sum tar cf - -b1 --owner=root --group=root \ --exclude=namedir/catalog/dfiles/signature \ namedir/catalog | tar xf - -O namedir/catalog/dfiles/md5sum Likewise for the sha1 digest. If the package has symbolic links, Verify the adjunct_md5sum: #!/bin/sh grep -v namedir/catalog namedir/catalog/dfiles/files | \ ( while read file; do if [ ! -h $file ]; then echo $file; fi done; )|\ tar cf - -b1 --owner=root --group=root \ --files-from=- --no-recursion | md5sum cat namedir/catalog/dfiles/adjunct_md5sum The symbolic link files must be verified manually by comparing to the INFO file information. Verifying a POSIX distribution in tar format Below is output from successful authentication. The authentication requires checking the archive md5 message digest (and sha1 if present). All present message digests must succeed and if this is true then the signed file is written and gpg proceeds to check the signature. If the sig_header file is present then the requirement that its data be identical to the ustar header of every signature file is enforced. If any one of these checks fails, authentication fails. #!/bin/sh swverify --checksig mypackage-00.1.tar.gz # - or - swverify -d @- < mypackage-00.1.tar.gz gpg: /home/userx/.gnupg/options:82: deprecated option "honor-http-proxy" gpg: please use "keyserver-options honor-http-proxy" instead gpg: WARNING: using insecure memory! gpg: please see http://www.gnupg.org/faq.html for more information swbis: Archive digest: md5 OK (Good) swbis: Archive digest: sha1 OK (Good) gpg: Signature made Sun Mar 16 20:28:23 2003 EST using DSA key ID 82B0DBE4 gpg: Good signature from "Test User (pass=Iforgot) localhost>" Primary key fingerprint: 77BB A98E B3A2 ED4C 217E 8A25 2BF4 28AB 82D0 DDE4 Verifying the Directory Form of a Distribution Authenticating using 'swverify' is subject to the same constraints as verifying manually using GNU tools because swverify implements this using GNU tools. 'swverify' when verifying the directory form of a distribution attempts to authenticate the exported catalog signature. If it is successful it executes the 'checkdigest' script found in the 'catalog/dfiles' directory of the exported catalog. If the 'checkdigest' script does not exist, authentication fails. 'swverify' will only attempt to run the 'checkdigest' script if it is found in the dfiles directory of an authenticated catalog. 'swverify' currently has no provision to verify the archive section (i.e. the file storage structure) of a directory (unpacked) form of a POSIX distribution. It is the role of the checkdigest script to do this. For example, if filemypackage-00.1 is a directory unpacked with a tar reading utility that preserved file times then try, #!/bin/sh swverify --checksig mypackage-00.1 or change directory into mypackage-00.1 and use the POSIX syntax: swverify -d @. swverify -d @`pwd`/mypackage-00.1 Below is example output of a package with a 'checksig' script. swverify: Attempting to verify using --posix tar option. gpg: /home/userx/.gnupg/options:82: deprecated option "honor-http-proxy" gpg: please use "keyserver-options honor-http-proxy" instead gpg: WARNING: using insecure memory! gpg: please see http://www.gnupg.org/faq.html for more information gpg: Signature made Sun Mar 16 21:00:54 2003 EST using DSA key ID 82B0DBE4 gpg: BAD signature from "Test User (pass=Iforgot) localhost>" swverify: First attempt failed. swverify: Attempting to verify without using --posix tar option. gpg: /home/jhl/.gnupg/options:82: deprecated option "honor-http-proxy" gpg: please use "keyserver-options honor-http-proxy" instead gpg: WARNING: using insecure memory! gpg: please see http://www.gnupg.org/faq.html for more information gpg: Signature made Sun Mar 16 21:00:54 2003 EST using DSA key ID 82B0DBE4 gpg: Good signature from "Test User (pass=Iforgot) localhost>" gpg: WARNING: This key is not certified with a trusted signature! gpg: There is no indication that the signature belongs to the owner. Primary key fingerprint: 77BB A98E B3A2 ED4C 217E 8A25 2BF4 28AB 82D0 DDE4 swverify: GPG signature verified. swverify: Got it! swverify: The vendor extension script checksig can now be executed. checksig: Checking files OK (Good) checksig: Checking Archive md5 OK (Good) checksig: Checking Archive sha1 OK (Good) gpg: /home/userx/.gnupg/options:82: deprecated option "honor-http-proxy" gpg: please use "keyserver-options honor-http-proxy" instead gpg: WARNING: using insecure memory! gpg: please see http://www.gnupg.org/faq.html for more information gpg: Signature made Sun Mar 16 21:00:54 2003 EST using DSA key ID 82B0DBE4 gpg: Good signature from "Test User (pass=Iforgot) localhost>" gpg: WARNING: This key is not certified with a trusted signature! gpg: There is no indication that the signature belongs to the owner. Primary key fingerprint: 77BB A98E B3A2 ED4C 217E 8A25 2BF4 28AB 82D0 DDE4 checksig: Signature proper OK (Good) checksig: /usr/bin/gpg exit status : 0 Verifying Installed Software (This capability is only partially implemented.) Verifying Installed Software involves comparing the package meta-data to the live file system. The validity of a successful comparison depends on the validity of the installed software catalog. swverify makes no attempt to check the validity of the entire catalog, however, it can use the distribution GPG signature, which is stored in the catalog, to authenticate the meta-data of the selected package. Below is an example. Note, the package is selected on the basis of its product or bundle tag. $ swverify -r your_product_tag @ / swverify: verifying installed software at: swverify: //var/lib/swbis/catalog/swbis/your_product_tag/0.000/0 gpg: WARNING: --honor-http-proxy is a deprecated option. gpg: please use "--keyserver-options honor-http-proxy" instead gpg: Signature made Fri Feb 20 00:21:00 2004 EST using DSA key ID 82B0DBE4 gpg: Good signature from "Test User (pass=Iforgot) localhost>" Fingerprint: 77BB B98D A3A2 ED4C 217E 9A25 8BF4 05AB 82B0 DBE4 swverify: Warning: file checks not implemented swverify: signature verification return status=0 Create the digest byte stream -Wemit-digest-file mode: Here are some examples that verify the archive digests. #!/bin/sh cat your-tarball | swverify -Wd -WS | md5sum Your should see a pair of identical digests. Use the -Wsha1 option to check the sha1 digest in a similar manner. ** IMPORTANT ** This does not mean that the data is authenticate in the sense of being attributable to a person, merely that the md5sum attribute and the payload byte stream match. To inspect the digested data, try: #!/bin/sh cat your-tarball | swverify -WS | tar tvf - Create the signed byte stream -Wemit-signed-file mode: Here is an example which allows inspection of the signed file. cat your-tarball | swverify -WC | tar tvf - -Wget-sig-if mode: This is the mode that is used internally when verifying a tarball. Below is an example of using this mode manually. #!/bin/sh cat your-tarball | swverify -Wget-sig-if=/dev/tty | \ gpg --verify /dev/tty - Now try to copy and paste the sigfile and gpg should attempt to verify the signature. Note: This verifies the md5 or sha1 digests before writing the signed data to stdout. If the sha1 or md5 match fails then an empty file is written to stdout. EXAMPLES Examples of verifying distributions and installed software. Distribution Verification * Verify a tar archive swverify -d < foo-1.1.tar.gz or swverify -d @`pwd`/foo-1.1.tar.gz or swverify -d @:foo-1.1.tar.gz or cat foo-1.1.tar.gz | swverify -d @- Note: --checksig and '-d' perform the same operations. * Verify a unpacked distribution swverify -d @`pwd`/foo-1.1 or cd foo-1.1; swverify -d @. or swverify -d @:foo-1.1 Note: --checksig and '-d' perform the same operations. * Verify an exported SCM Directory # This is the same as directory verification except the '--cvs' option is needed. Installed Software Verification * Verify installed software swverify foo.foo @/tmp/test or swverify foo.foo # at default target RETURN VALUE Exit status of the checksig script or gpg utility for --checksig directory operation. 0 if successful on all targets, 1 if failed on all targets, 2 if failed on some targets. FILES /var/lib/swbis/catalog # Location of installed catalog /usr/lib/swbis/swdefaults /usr/lib/swbis/swbisdefaults $HOME/.swbis/swdefaults $HOME/.swbis/swbisdefaults APPLICABLE STANDARDS IEEE Std 1387.2-1995 (ISO/IEC 15068-2:1999), Open Group CAE C701. SEE ALSO info swbis sw(5), swbis(1), swign(1), swpackage(8), gpg(1), libexec/swbis/arf2arf IDENTIFICATION swverify: The verification utility of the swbis project. Author: Jim Lowe Email: jhlowe at acm.org Version: 1.13 Last Updated: 2010年02月04日 Copying: GNU Free Documentation License BUGS The signature file's archive header (or data) is not part of the signed data therefore it may be subject to undetectable tampering, however, swverify does perform sanity checks on the pathname, permissions and filetype if the sig_header file (See sw(5) manual page.) is not present [due to being signed by a old swpackage version], and if sig_header is present, swverify requires that it match the sig file header. The ability to verify the unpacked directory form of the package depends on many factors not immediately obvious, among them are the tar header uname and gname, and whether they are preserved by the reading utility, and whether these names are in the system database files /etc/passwd and /etc/group, and if so, whether they assign the same uid/gid as the package. Verification of the directory form of a distribution (i.e. the installed tarball path name prefix) such as running 'swverify -d @.' after running 'swign @.' will fail if the order of directory entries is not compatible with traditional Unix file system directory entry ordering, which is the order of file creation. This ordering is almost always apparent on Ext2 file system for small directories (but not always for big directories). Ext3, reiserFS, and DarwinOS et.al file systems do not have this ordering, use of the '--order-catalog' option is therefore required. Use of the '--cvs' or '--order-catalog' options is theoretically problematic because it causes the use and interpretation of data in the verification of that same data therefore opening possible attack vectors. swverify(8)
swconfig(8) System Manager's Manual swconfig(8)
NAME
swconfig -- Configure installed software
SYNOPSIS
swconfig [-p] [-u] [-c catalog] [-f file] [-t targetfile] \
[-x option=value] [-X options_file] [-W option] \
[software_selections] [@targets]
DESCRIPTION
swconfig configures, unconfigures, and reconfigures installed software
on a host. swconfig is a distributed utility. Neither swconfig nor
any component of swbis is required on the target host, however, the
target host must look like a Unix system at the shell and command-line
utility level. Remote network connections are made by ssh. Ssh is the
default but rsh can be selected by a command line option.
swconfig operates on installed software and performs configuration
primarily by executing the configure or unconfigure control scirpts.
If these scripts do not exists for an installed package, then swconfig
takes no action.
OPTIONS
-f FILE
Read the list of software selections from FILE.
-p
Preview mode, establish contact with target host, however,
modify nothing.
-u
Undo, run the unconfigure script.
-c catalog
Specify a file of PSF or INDEX syntax or a directory containing
the exported catalog.
Note: This option is not yet implemented.
-t targetfile
Specify a file containing a list of targets (one per line).
-v
Increment the verbose level.
-x option=value
Specify the extended option overriding the defaults file value.
-X FILE
Specify the extended options filename, FILE, overriding the
default filenames. This option may be given more then once. If
the resulting specified value is an empty string then reading of
any options file is disabled.
--help
Show help (Implementation extension)
-W option[,option,...]
Specify the implementation extension option.
Syntax: -W option[=option_argument[,option...]
Options may be separated by a comma. The implementation
extension options may also be given individually using the
'--long-option[=option_arg]' syntax.
--postinstall
run the postinstall or unpostinstall script
--force-locks
override locking and delete existing lock
--send-environment
Include existing environment variables in the remote host's
execution environment. System and common varaiables are
excluded and checks are made for tainted values.
--allow-ambig
Allows swconfig to act on all matching entries. Without this
option a software selection that matches more than one installed
software entry is an error.
--sig-level=N
Specify number of required GPG signatures, N equal to 0 means
don't require the catalog to be signed.
-W remote-shell=SHELL
Defaults File Option: swbis_remote_shell_client
Supported shells are "ssh" and "rsh", ssh is the default.
-W show-options-files
Show the complete list of options files and if they are found.
-W show-options
Show the options after reading the files and parsing the command
line options.
-W pax-command={tar|pax|star|gtar}
Set the portable archive command for all operations. The
default is "pax".
-W pax-read-command={tar|pax|star|gtar}
Set the read command for local and remote hosts.
-W remote-pax-read-command={tar|pax|star|gtar}
Defaults File Option: swbis_remote_pax_read_command
Set the read command for remote hosts. This is the command that
runs on the target (e.g. pax -r, tar xpf -). The default is
"pax".
-W local-pax-read-command={tar|pax|star|gtar}
Defaults File Option: swbis_local_pax_read_command
Set the read command for local hosts. This is the command that
runs on the target (e.g. pax -r, tar xpf -). The default is
"pax".
-W pax-write-command={tar|pax|star|gtar|swbistar}
Set the write command for local and remote hosts. This is the
command that runs on the target (e.g. pax -w, tar cf -).
-W remote-pax-write-command={tar|pax|star|gtar|swbistar}
Defaults File Option: swbis_remote_pax_write_command
Set the write command for remote hosts.
-W local-pax-write-command={tar|pax|star|gtar|swbistar}
Defaults File Option: swbis_local_pax_write_command
Set the portable archive write command for local host
operations. This is the command that runs on the source (e.g.
pax -w, tar cf -). The default is "pax".
-W remote-pax-write-command={tar|pax|star|gtar|swbistar}
Defaults File Option: swbis_remote_pax_write_command
Set the portable archive write command for remote host
operations. This is the command that runs on the source (e.g.
pax -w, tar cf -). The default is "pax".
-W no-defaults
Do not read any defaults files.
-W no-getconf
Defaults File Option: swbis_no_getconf
Makes the remote command be '/bin/sh -s' instead of the default
'PATH=`getconf PATH` sh -s'.
-W shell-command=NAME
Defaults File Option: swbis_shell_command
NAME may be one of "bash", "sh" or "posix" and specifies the
remote command run by the remote shell. "posix" is
'PATH=`getconf PATH` sh -s', "bash" is "/bin/bash -s", "sh" is
"/bin/sh -s", and "ksh" is "ksh -s". The default is "posix".
-W use-getconf
Opposite of --no-getconf.
-W source-script-name=NAME
Write the script that is written into the remote shell's stdin
to NAME. This is useful for debugging.
-W target-script-name=NAME
Write the script that is written into the remote shell's stdin
to NAME. This is useful for debugging.
software_selections
Refer to the software objects (products, filesets) using
software spec syntax. (See sw(5) for syntax).
target
Refers to the software_collection where the software selections
are to be applied. Allows specification of host and pathname
where the software collection is located. A target that
contains only one part is assumed to be a hostname. To force
interpretation as a path, use a absolute path or prefix with
':'.
Source and Target Specification and Logic
Synopsis:
Posix:
host[:path]
host
host:
/path # Absolute path
Swbis Extension:
[user@]host[:path]
[user@]host_port[:path]
:path
Swbis Multi-hop Target Extension:
# ':' is the target delimiter
# '_' delimits a port number in the host field
[user@]host[@@[user@]host[@@...]][:file]
[user@]host_port[@@[user@]host[@@...]][:file]
# Using ':', a trailing colon is used to
# disambiguate between a host and file.
# For Example,
:file
host:
host
host:file
host:host:
host_port:host_port:
host:host:file
user@host:user@host:
user@host:user@host:host:
user@host:user@host:file
A more formal description:
target : HOST_CHARACTER_STRING ':' PATHNAME_CHARACTER_STRING
| HOST_CHARACTER_STRING ':'
| HOST_CHARACTER_STRING
| PATHNAME_CHARACTER_STRING
| ':' PATHNAME_CHARACTER_STRING # Impl extension
;
PATHNAME_CHARACTER_STRING must be an absolute path unless
a HOST_CHARACTER_STRING is given. Allowing
a relative path is a feature of the swbis
implementation.
NOTE: A '.' as a target is an implementation
extension and means extract in current
directory.
NOTE: A '-' indicating stdout/stdin is an
implementation extension.
NOTE: A ':' in the first character indicates a filename.
This is an implementation extension.
HOST_CHARACTER_STRING is an IP or hostname.
Examples:
Copy the distribution /var/tmp/foo.tar.gz at 192.168.1.10
swcopy -s /var/tmp/foo.tar.gz @192.168.1.10:/root
Implementation Extension Syntax (multi ssh-hop) :
Syntax:
%start wtarget # the Implementation Extension Target
# Note: a trailing ':' forces interpretation
# as a host, not a file.
wtarget : wtarget DELIM sshtarget
| sshtarget
| sshtarget DELIM
;
sshtarget : user '@' target # Note: only the last target
| target # may have a PATHNAME, and only a host
; * may have a user
target : HOST_CHARACTER_STRING
| PATHNAME_CHARACTER_STRING
;
user : PORTABLE_CHARACTER_STRING # The user name
DELIM : ':' # The multi-hop delimiter.
;
USAGE EXAMPLES
Run the configure script for package foo on 192.168.1.2:/
swconfig foo @ root@192.168.1.2:/
Show the options
swconfig --show-options
EXTENDED OPTIONS
Extended options can be specified on the command line using the -x
option or from the defaults file, swdefaults. Shown below is an actual
portion of a defaults file which show default values.
POSIX
These options are set in the /usr/lib/swbis/swdefaults or the
~/.swdefaults on the local (management host, host where swconfig is
invoked). These files on the target host are not used.
allow_incompatible = false # Not implemented
allow_multiple_versions = false # Not implemented
ask = false # Not implemented
autoselect_dependencies = true # Not implemented
autoselect_dependents = true # Not implemented
enforce_dependencies = true # Not implemented
installed_software_catalog = var/lib/swbis/catalog/
logfile = /var/log/sw.log
loglevel = 1
select_local = true # Not implemented
reconfigure = false
verbose = 1
Swbis Implementation
These options are set in the /usr/lib/swbis/swbisdefaults or the
~/.swbis/swbisdefaults file.
swconfig.swbis_no_getconf = true # true or false
swconfig.swbis_shell_command = posix # {sh|bash|posix|ksh}
swconfig.swbis_no_remote_kill = false # true or false
swconfig.swbis_local_pax_write_command=tar #{pax|tar|star|gtar}
swconfig.swbis_remote_pax_write_command=tar #{pax|tar|star|gtar}
swconfig.swbis_local_pax_read_command=tar #{pax|tar|gtar|star}
swconfig.swbis_remote_pax_read_command=tar #{pax|tar|gtar|star}
swconfig.swbis_local_pax_remove_command=tar
swconfig.swbis_remote_pax_remove_command=tar
swconfig.swbis_remote_shell_client=ssh
swconfig.swbis_forward_agent=True
swconfig.swbis_sig_level=0
swconfig.swbis_enforce_all_signatures=false
RETURN VALUE
0 if all targets succeeded, 1 if all targets failed or internal error,
2 if some targets failed and some succeeded.
NOTES
Multiple ssh-hops is an implementation extension.
REQUISITE UTILITIES
The swbis distributed utilities require bash, public domain ksh, or
Sun's /usr/xpg4/bin/sh to be present on the target host. If the
swbis_shell_command extended option is set to 'detect' you don't have
to know which one is present, otherwise you may specify one explicitly.
A POSIX awk is required, and with the ability to specify several
thousand bytes of program text as a command argument. GNU awk works,
as does the ATT Awk book awk, and the awk on BSD systems. See the
INSTALL file for further details regarding a small issue with the
OpenSolaris (c.2006) awk.
GNU Privacy Guard, gpg is required for verification of package
signatures.
Other utilities required to be in $PATH on the remote host are: dd, pax
(or tar|star|gtar), mkdir, echo, test, sleep, read (if not builtin).
FILES
/var/lib/swbis/catalog # Location of installed catalog
/usr/lib/swbis/swdefaults
/usr/lib/swbis/swbisdefaults
$HOME/.swbis/swdefaults
$HOME/.swbis/swbisdefaults
APPLICABLE STANDARDS
ISO/IEC 15068-2:1999, Open Group CAE C701
SEE ALSO
info swbis
swbis(7), sw(5), swlist(8)
IDENTIFICATION
swconfig(8): The package configuration utility of the swbis project.
Author: Jim Lowe Email: jhlowe at acm.org
Version: 1.13
Last Updated: 2010年01月22日
Copying: GNU Free Documentation License
BUGS
This section is left intentionally black
swconfig(8)
swign(1) General Commands Manual swign(1) NAME swign -- Create a tar archive of a directory with an embedded GPG signature. SYNOPSIS swign [options] [-u gpg-name] [--homedir=gpg-homedir] @- # Write to stdout swign [options] [-u gpg-name] [--homedir=gpg-homedir] @. # Sign directory swign -S [options] [-u gpg-name] [--homedir=gpg-homedir] swign -E [options] [-u gpg-name] [--homedir=gpg-homedir] DESCRIPTION swign reads a PSF (Product Specfication File) to generate and load the package catalog into the current directory and then writes the cooresponding archive to stdout. The PSF is read from standard input by default. To use an internally generated PSF with name and revision attributes determined from the name of the current directory use '-s.'. The PSF is scanned for replacement tokens for tag and revision attributes determined from the current directoy name. It is expected that the current directory name have the form: 'tag-revision'. The replacement string has the form '%__NAME' where NAME is 'tag' or 'revision'. The directory derived values can be overridden with the '--revision' or '--name-version' options. swign by default will remove and re-create the ./catalog/ meta-data directory, then use GNU tar to write the current directory as a tar archive to stdout. The result is a tar archive written entirely with GNU tar that contains an embedded GPG signature in the control file './catalog/dfiles/signature'. The contents of './catalog/' are consistent with the POSIX packaging standard ISO/IEC 15068-2:1999. The package layout of the resulting archive is unchanged except for the addition of the './catalog' directory. The contents of the archive is the contents of the current directory ".". The pathnames in the archive are prefixed by the base name of ".". The owner and group of all the files in the emitted archive are specified by the PSF file and command line options. In order for the signature to be valid, the file ownerships specified in the PSF must be consistent with the 'swign' command. swign will read the PSF to determine these ownerships automatically from the 'file_permissions' directive unless the '-o' or '-g' command line options are used or if this feature is disabled using the '--no-psf- detect' option is given. The default ownerships for all the files are the current user's owner and group. If the -o (or -g) option is used with a empty string for the option arg then the file ownerships of the source files are used. This script assumes GNU tar is installed. After writing the ./catalog/ file and before writing the archive, the file list stored in ./catalog/dfiles/files is compared to the current directory contents, if any difference is found the archive is not written and error returned. OPTIONS --help show help. --show-psf show the PSF to stdout, and then exit. --no-psf-detect Disable automatic detection of the PSF's file ownerships policy. --no-remove Don't remove the ./catalog directory before overwriting. --file-ownerships Use the file ownerships and permissions of the source files. -u, --local-user name Use name as the user ID to sign. --homedir=DIR Set the name of the home directory to DIR. If not specified then use "~/.gnupg". -s, --source=FILE Specify a PSF file name or one of two special names, '-' for stdin, and '.' for the internally generated PSF. -T, --show-names-only show some info (for help and debugging) and exit. -t, --run-sanity-check Instead of writing stdout, write the archive to ../packageDirName.swigntest.tar.gz and run some sanity tests. -S, --sign-only Write the ./catalog/ file containing the digest and signature into "." and then exit without writing the archive to stdout. Same as using "." as the target such as 'swign @.' -E, --emit-only Do not write the ./catalog/ file containing the digest and signature into "." and then write the archive to stdout. This does not affect the directory contents. -D, --with-checkdigest FILE Include the checkdigest control script sourced from FILE. This is only needed when not supplying a PSF, that is this option modifies an internally generated PSF. -o, --owner OWNER Specify owner. Use an empty string "" to specify the source file owner. -g, --group GROUP Specify group. Use an empty string "" to specify the source file group. --name-version=NAME-REV Specify a product tag and revision as dash delimited. -r, --revision REV Specify a product revision. This will override a revision part of the current directory's name. -x format Specify the archive format. Must be one of the formats of swpackage. @- Target, only supported target is standard output. EXTERNAL EFFECTS The program will remove and replace a file in "." named ./catalog/. Nothing outside of './catalog/' is modified. Standard output is the target for the tar archive. When using the '-t' option an archive file is written to ../packageDirName.swigntest.tar.gz A copy of the PSF is made in /var/tmp/swign$$. It is normally created and erased by the program. EXAMPLES Show the internally generated PSF to stdout. Change directory into the directory to package, then type swign -s. --show-psf # # or specify a owner and group policy swign -s. -o 0 -g 0 --show-psf Create a signed metadata (i.e. catalog/) directory of a live directory, for example /bin swign -D $HOME/checkdigest.sh -u "YourGPGNAME" -o "" -g "" @. Generate the package (and verify it) using a PSF that you supply on standard input. Change directory into the directory to package, then type swign -o 0 -g 0 --show-psf | swign -s - -u "gpgName" @- | swverify -d @- Example of directory signing and authentication. swign -u YourGPGName -s. --file-ownerships -D /HOME/checkdigest.sh --sign-only swverify -d @. swign --file-ownerships -emit-only | swverify -d @- TESTING After running successfully with options -S and -D FILE the following should be true (report no error). swverify --checksig . # Deprecated form -or- swverify -d @. # POSIX syntax Similarly, swign -u "your GPG Name" @- | swverify --checksig - -or- swign -u "your GPG Name" @- | swverify -d @- If a checkdigest script is included then you should unpack the package at a new location and run swverify -d @. in the new location. The checkdigest script is a vendor extension control file that is part of the GPG signed ./catalog directory. As an implementation extension behavior the swverify program will execute this script after verification of the signature. The script may take any action at this point, but the intention is that it be used to verify the contents of the package directory using GNU tools such as md5sum, sha1sum, and tar. If a checkdigest script is not included, then the package user will have to manually execute the commands that would have been executed by the script using the file meta-data in an authenticated INFO file. When verifying the unpacked directory form of a package, the swverify program will return an error if the checkdigest script is not present, though, it is not required for verification of the tar archive file itself using swverify. Swign can be used to sign any directory using the file ownerships of the source files. The following commands act as a test of swpackage's ability to generate an archive identical to GNU tar. (Note: the script checkdigest.sh is found in ./bin of the source distribution.) swign -D $HOME/checkdigest.sh -u "Test User" -o "" -g "" -S; swverify -d @. PSF ATTRIBUTE REPLACEMENT A PSF that is provided using the '-s' option will be scanned for a special character sequence '%__NAME' where NAME is either 'tag' or 'revision'. 'tag' is replaced with the package name portion of the currrent directory. 'revision' is replaced with the version portion. SAMPLE SOURCE PACKAGE PSF # PSF.in -- INPUT file to swign # This file contains the replacement macros %__tag and %__revision which # are only processed by swign. # The distribution object need not have any attributes. distribution # Attributes in the distribution are mostly ignored although # distributor control files that pertain to the distribution # as a whole are properly placed here. Two examples of files # that are useful here are: AUTHORS < AUTHORS # This places the file in ./catalog/dfiles COPYING < COPYING # This places the file in ./catalog/dfiles # This places the checkdigest script in ./catalog/dfiles/checkdigest # For a description of the checkdigest script see the info document for # 'swbis' or the swverify manual page. # The checkdigest script is a verification hook for swverify used when # verifying the unpacked tarball (i.e. the package path name # prefix directory). checkdigest < bin/checkdigest.sh # The vendor object provides attributes to describe # the distributor. At this time, how these attributes # are used is not addressed. # The Vendor object is optional vendor the_term_vendor_is_misleading True # One of: True, False tag shortName # Other vendor tags could be the short name of your # organization name, or your initials, etc. title Your Name qualifier author description "Maintainer of somepackage" # Most packages do not need a bundle. At this point in swbis' # development 'bundles' are mostly ignored. Bundles are meta # packages, it is an object that contains other bundles and # products whether included in this distribution tarball or not. # The Bundle object is optional bundle tag somepackage # The product object contains the attributes of common # interest such as the description, version and name. product description "somepackage description can be mult-line" tag %__tag # This is the package name revision %__revision # This is the package version vendor_tag shortName # Match vendor.tag above title "somepackage - software" control_directory "" # Empty string, Important # The fileset object contains the files. The tag, revision, # and description attributes are mostly ignored. # At this time swbis supports only one (1) fileset. fileset tag sources control_directory "" # Empty string, Important title somepackage source code description "The source distribution of somepackage" # file_permissions: # Here is an important policy. This will cause 'swpackage' # to create the tar achive with all files owned by uid and # gid zero (0), the user name 'root' will not be included # in the uname and gname tar header fields. This is similar # to the effect of GNU tar options --numeric --owner=root # --group=root . # To use the name and ids of the source files delete the line # or reset the file_permissions adding after or changing to: # file_permissions -u 000 # # NOTE: Using "file_permissions -o 0 -g 0" is preferred # because it will allow the end user to more easily verify # the directory (unpacked) form of the package using standard # non-swbis tools. # file_permissions -u 000 # To use ownerships of source files file_permissions -o 0 -g 0 # The following two (2) lines mean include every file in the current # directory. directory . file * # You want to exclude the files in ./catalog because it # should not be part of the paylaod section. This is # mandatory. exclude catalog # You may also want other excludes exclude CVS exclude */CVS # exclude .svn # exclude */.svn # End of PSF ENVIRONMENT SWPACKAGEPASSFD Sets the swpackage --passphrase-fd option. Set the option arg to a integer value of the file descriptor, or to "env" to read the passphrase from the environment variable SWPACKAGEPASSPHRASE, or to "agent" to cause gpg to use gpg- agent, or "tty" to read from the terminal. SWPACKAGEPASSPHRASE Use the value as the passphrase if swpackage's --passphrase-fd is set to "env" GNUPGHOME Sets the --gpg-home option of swpackage. GNUPGNAME Sets the --gpg-name option of swpackage, which is turn set the --local-user option of gpg. RETURN VALUE 0 on success, non-zero on failure. FILES <path>/catalog/ SEE ALSO info swbis swpackage(8), gpg IDENTIFICATION swign(1): The source directory signing utility of the swbis project. Author: J. Lowe jhlowe@acm.org Version: 1.13 Last Updated: 2008-01 Copying: GNU Free Documentation License BUGS Symbolic links in a package are problematic for verifying the unpacked form of a package since the modification time is not preserved. They have no affect on verification of the tar archive file using 'swverify'. If a directory is signed using the '-S' option and has a file path greater than 99 chars in length then it will be unverifiable if the 'ustar0' format and GNU tar 1.13.25 was used. Verification of the directory form of a distribution (i.e. the installed tarball path name prefix) such as running 'swverify -d @.' after running 'swign -S' will fail if the order of directory entries is not compatible with traditional Unix file system directory entry ordering. This incompatibility may be present in the Ext3, reiserFS, and DarwinOS et.al file systems. The file ownership policy of the PSF, the checkdigest script (if any) and the command line options must agree. The default file ownership policies of this program are suited to packaged products where file user and group ownerships are not a critical feature. swign(1)
LXPSF(1) General Commands Manual LXPSF(1) NAME lxpsf - Translate packages to a tar archive with a PSF. SYNOPSIS lxpsf [options] [package_file] DESCRIPTION Lxpsf reads the input package and writes a tar or cpio archive to std- out, depending on the native (or encapsulated) format of the input package. The output layout has a single leading directory named according to the name, version, and release attributes. The first regular file is ``PSF'', and is a IEEE 1387.2-1995 (ISO/IEC 15068-2:1999) Product Specification File containing the package meta- data. Subsequent files are control data represented as files, and, the files of the distribution. The output is designed so the swpackage utility is able to form a Posix package from the installed output. Currently, RPM format v3 (both source and binary), Debian Package for- mat, Slackware runtime packages and plain vanilla tarballs (with a leading directory path) are supported for translation. Options -p ,--psf-only Write only the psf file to stdout. -A ,--psf-form1 A PSF form for RPM translation (deprecated). -A ,--psf-form2 A second PSF form for RPM translation (deprecated). -A ,--psf-form3 A third PSF form for RPM translation (current). -H format Force the specified format. The choices are currently (only) ustar. -x ,--use-recursive-fileset Use "file *" instead of individual file definitions in the PSF. -r ,--no-leading-path use "." as the leading archive path. -o ,--info-only Write the INFO file for the rpm archive to stdout. -D ,debug-level=TYPE Always set to "link" HOWTO Use with swpackage Either install into file system or use the -W source=- option of GNU swpackage. cat your_rpm.rpm | lxpsf --format=ustar --psf-form3 | (mkdir /tmp/swbis; cd /tmp/swbis && tar xpf -; exit $?) && (cd /tmp/swbis && swpackage -s PSF @- ) | tar tvf - cat your_rpm.rpm | lxpsf --format=ustar --psf-form3 | swpackage -W source=- -s@PSF @- | tar tvf - FILES RELATED STANDARDS POSIX.1, IEEE 1387.2, XDSA C701 IDENTIFICATION The RPM translation program of the swbis project. DATE: 2010年02月22日 Revision: 1.5 SEE ALSO swbisparse(1), swpackage(8) BUGS Probably many. A de-facto conversion policy is intimated in the PSF by this program. LXPSF(1)
swpackage(5) File Formats Manual swpackage(5) NAME swpackage -- file formats SYNOPSIS Output format - Data Interchange Formats Input format - Product Specification File (PSF) SWPACKAGE OUTPUT FORMAT The output format is either one of two formats specified in POSIX.1 (ISO/IEC 9945-1) which are tar (header magic=ustar) or cpio (header magic=070707). The default format of the swbis implementation is "ustar". The POSIX spec under specifies definitions for some of the ustar header fields. The personality of the default swbis ustar format mimics GNU tar 1.15.1 and is designed to be compliant to POSIX.1. The personality of the "ustar0" format mimics, for pathnames less than 99 octets, GNU tar 1.13.25 using the "-b1 --posix" options. This bit- for-bit sameness does not exist for pathnames greater than 99 chars as swbis follows the POSIX spec and GNU tar 1.13.25 does not. The "ustar0" ustar personality is deprecated. It is only slightly different from 'ustar' in how device number fields are filled (with spaces, zeros or NULs) for non-device files. In addition the swbis implementation supports several other tar variants including bit-for-bit mimicry of GNU tar (1.13.25) default format which uses a non-standard name split and file type (type 'L'). This format is known as '--format=oldgnu'. Also supported is the gnu format of GNU tar 1.15.1 specified by '--format=gnu' The defacto cpio formats are also supported. "new ASCII" (sometimes called SVR4 cpio) and "crc" cpio formats with header magic "070701" and "070702" respectively. Support for "pax Interchange Format" (Extended header tar) described in IEEE 1003.1-2001 under the "pax" manual page has been implemented for POSIX file attributes as of release 1.12 (c Aug2014). The 'swpackage' utility will generate extended headers on an as needed basis when the --format=pax is used. Support for POSIX ACL and SELinux attributes is planned. The entirety of the output byte stream is a single valid file of one the formats mentioned above. The swbis implementation writes its output to stdout. The default output block size is 10240 bytes. The last block is not padded and therefore the last write(2) may be a short write. The selected block size does not affect the output file contents. The swbis implementation is biased, in terms of capability and default settings, to the tar format. Package signing is only supported in tar format. SWPACKAGE INPUT FILE FORMAT The input file is called a product specification file or PSF. It contains information to direct swpackage and information that is package meta-data [that is merely transferred unchanged into the global INDEX file]. A PSF may contain object keywords, attributes (keyword/value pairs) and Extended Definitions (described below). An object keyword connotes a logical object (i.e. software structure) supported by the standard. An object keyword does not have a value field after it, as it contains Attributes and Extended Definitions. An attribute keyword conotes an attribute which is always in the form of a keyword/value pair. Attribute keywords not recognized by the standard are allowed and are transferred into the INDEX file. Object keywords not recognized by the standard are not allowed and will generate an error. Extended Definitions may only appear in a PSF (never in a INDEX or INFO created by swpackage). Extended Definitions are translated [by swpackage] into object keywords (objects) and attributes recognized by the standard. Comments in a PSF are not transferred into the INDEX file by the swbis implementation of swpackage. The file syntax is the same as a INDEX, or INFO file. A PSF may contain all objects defined by the standard as well as extended definitions. For additional information see XDSA C701 http://www.opengroup.org/publications/catalog/c701.htm, or sw manual page. EXTENDED DEFINITIONS A Product Specification File (PSF) can contain Extended Definitions in the fileset, product or bundle software definitions. They would have the same level or containment relationship as a file or control_file definition in the same contaning object. Extended Definitions represent a minimal, expressive form for specifying files and file attributes. Their use in a PSF is optional in that an equivalent PSF can be constructed without using them, however, their use is encouraged for the sake of brevity and orthogonality. The swbis implementation requires that no [ordinary] attributes appear after Extended Definitions in the containing object, and, requires that Extended Definitions appear before logically contained objects. That is, the parser uses the next object keyword to syntacticly and logically terminate the current object even if the current object has logically contained objects. o Extended Control File Definitions checkinstall source [path] preinstall source [path] postinstall source [path] verify source [path] fix source [path] checkremove source [path] preremove source [path] postremove source [path] configure source [path] unconfigure source [path] request source [path] unpreinstall source [path] unpostinstall source [path] space source [path] control_file source [path] The source attribute defines the location in distributors's development system where the swpackage utility will find the script. The keyword is the value of the tag attribute and tells the utilities when to execute the script. The path attribute is optional and specifies the file name in the packages distribution relative to the control_directory for software containing the script. If not given the tag value is used as the filename. o Directory Mapping directory source [destination] Applies the source attribute as the directory under which the subsequently listed files are located. If destination is defined it will be used as a prefix to the path (implied) file definition. source is typically a temporary or build location and dest is its unrealized absolute pathname destination. o Recursive File Definition file * Specifies every file in current source directory. The directory extended definition must be used before the recursive specification. o Explicit File Definition file [-t type] [-m mode] [-o owner[,uid]] [-g group[,gid]] [-n] [-v] source [path] source source defines the pathname of the file to be used as the source of file data and/or attributes. If it is a relative path, then swpackage searches for this file relative to the the source argument of the directory keyword, if set. If directory keyword is not set then the search is relative to the current working directory of the swpackage utility's invocation. All attributes for the destination file are taken from the source file, unless a file_permissions keyword is active, or the -m, -o, or -g options are also included in the file specification. path path defines the destination path where the file will be created or installed. If it is a relative path, then the destination path of the of the directory keyword must be active and will be used as the path prefix. If path is not specified then source is used as the value of path and directory mapping applied (if active). -t type type may one of 'd' (directory), or 'h' (hard link), or 's' (symbolic link). -t d Create a directory. If path is not specified source is used as the path attribute. -t h Create a hard link. path and source are specified. source is used as the value of the link_source attribute, and path is the value of the path attribute. -t s Create a symbolic link. path and source are specified. source is used as the value of the link_source attribute, and path is the value of the path attribute. -m mode mode defines the octal mode for the file. o Default Permission Definition file_permissions [-m mode] [-u umask] [-o [owner[,]][uid]] [-g [group[,]][gid]] Applies to subsequently listed file definitions in a fileset. These attributes will apply where the file attributes were not specified explicitly in a file definition. Subsequent file_permissions definitions simply replace previous definitions (resetting all the options). To reset the file_permission state (i.e. turn it off) use one of the following: file_permissions "" or the preferred way is file_permissions -u 000 o Excluding Files exclude source Excludes a previously included file or an entire directory. o Including Files include <filename The contents of filename may be more definitions for files. The syntax of the included file is PSF syntax. SWBIS PSF CONVENTIONS This section describes attribute usage and conventions imposed by the swbis implementation. Not all attributes are listed here. Those that are have important effects or particular interest. o Distribution Attributes The standard defines a limited set of attributes for the distribution object. An expanded set is suggested by the informative annex however a conforming implementation is not required act on them. The reason for this is a distribution may be acted upon by a conforming utility in such a way that attributes of the distribution become invalid. For this reason, some attributes that refer to an entire "package" [in other package managers] are referred from the product object and attain their broadened scope by the distributor's convention that their distribution contains just one product. For example, the package NAME and VERSION are referred from the product tag and revision, not the distribution's. This convention supports multiple products in a distribution and is consistent with the standard. tag tag is the short, file system friendly, name of the distribution. Providing a distribution tag is optional. The swbis implementation will use this as the [single] path name prefix if there is no distribution.control_directory attribute. A distribution tag attribute and swpackage's response to it is an implementation extension. The leading package path can also be controlled with the ''-W dir'' option. control_directory control_directory, in a distribution object, is the constant leading package path. Providing this attribute is optional. A distribution control_directory attribute and swpackage's response to it is an implementation extension. The leading package path can also be controlled with the ''-W dir'' option. This attribute will be generated by swpackage if not set in a PSF. o Bundle Attributes A bundle defines a collection of products whether or not the distribution has all the products present. tag tag is the short, file system friendly, name of the bundle. This value is used by the swbis implementation as a path name component in the installed software catalog. If it is not present the product tag is used. o Product Attributes A product defines the software product. tag tag is the short, file system friendly, name of the product. This value is used by the swbis implementation as a path name component in the installed software catalog. It is required. The swbis implementation uses it in a way that is analogous to the RPMTAG_NAME attribute, namely as the public recognizable name of the package. control_directory Is the directory name in the distribution under which the product contents are located. This value has no affect on the installed software catalog. If it is not given in a PSF then the tag is used. revision Is the product revision. It should not contain a "RELEASE" attribute part or other version suffix modifiers. This value is used by the swbis implementation as a path name component in the installed software catalog. It is required by swinstall. vendor_tag This is a short identifying name of the distributor that supplied the product and may associate (refer to) a vendor object from the INDEX file that has a matching tag attribute. This attribute is optional. This attribute value should strive to be unique among all distributors. The swbis implementation modifies the intended usage slightly as a string that strives to be globally unique for a given product.tag and product.revision. In this capacity it serves to distinguish products with the same revision and tag from the same or different distributor. It most closely maps to the RPMTAG_RELEASE or "debian_revision" attributes. It is one of the version distinguishing attributes of a product specified by the standard. It is transfered into the installed_software catalog (not as a path name component) by swinstall. If this attribute exists there should also be a vendor object in the PSF in the distribution object that has this tag. This attribute is assigned the value of RPMTAG_RELEASE by swpackage when translating an RPM. architecture This string is one of the version attributes. It is used to disambiguate products that have the same tag, revision and vendor_tag. It is not used for determining a products compatibility with a host. The form is implementation defined. swbis uses the output of GNU config.guess as the value of this string. A wildcard pattern should not be used. The canonical swbis architecture string can be listed with swlist. For example swlist -a architecture @ localhost Here are some example outputs from real systems. System `uname -srm` architecture Red Hat 8.0: Linux 2.4.18 i686 i686-pc-linux-gnu OpenSolaris: SunOS 5.11 i86pc i386-pc-solaris2.11 NetBSD 3.1: NetBSD 3.1 i386 i386-unknown-netbsdelf3.1 Red Hat 4.1: Linux 2.0.36 i586 i586-pc-linux-gnulibc1 Debian 3.1: Linux 2.6.8-2-386 i686 i686-pc-linux-gnu os_name os_release os_version machine_type These attributes are used to determine compatibility with a host. They correspond to the uname attributes defined by POSIX.1. If an value is nil or non-existent it is assumed to match the host. All attributes must match for there to be compatibility. Distributors may wish to make these values a shell pattern in their PSF's so to match the intended collection of hosts. swbis uses fnmatch (with FLAGS=0) to determine a match. o Fileset Attributes A fileset defines the fileset. tag tag is the short, file system friendly, name of the fileset. It is required although selection of filesets is not yet supported therefore the end user will have little to do with the fileset tag. control_directory Is the directory name in the product under which the fileset contents are located. This value has no affect on the installed software catalog. If it is not given in a PSF then the tag is used. o Example Source Package PSF This PSF packages every file is current directory. It uses nil control directories so the package structure does not change relative to a vanilla tarball. distribution description "fooit - a program from fooware that does everything." title "fooit - a really cool program" COPYING < /usr/local/fooware/legalstuff/COPYING vendor the_term_vendor_is_misleading false tag fooware title fooware Consultancy Services, Inc. description "" vendor the_term_vendor_is_misleading true tag myfixes1 title Bug fixes, Set 1 description "a place for more detailed description" product tag fooit control_directory "" revision 1.0 vendor_tag myfixes1 # Matches the vendor object above fileset tag fooit-SOURCE control_directory "" directory . file * exclude catalog o Example Runtime (Binary) Package PSF This is a sample PSF for a runtime package. It implies multiple products (e.g. sub-packages) using the bundle.contents attribute. Since the bundle and product tags exist in a un-regulated namespace and are seen by end users they should be carefully chosen. Note that the bundle and product have the same tag which may force downstream users to disambiguate using software selection syntax such as fooit,bv=* or fooit,pv=* . distribution description "fooit - a program from fooware that does everything." title "fooit - a really cool program" COPYING < /usr/local/fooware/legalstuff/COPYING vendor the_term_vendor_is_misleading false tag fooware title fooware Consultancy Services, Inc. description "Provider of the programs that do everything" vendor the_term_vendor_is_misleading true tag fw0 title fooware fixes description "More fixes from the fooware users" # Bundle definition: Use a bundle bundle tag fooit vendor_tag fooware contents fooit,v=fw0 fooit-devel fooit-doc # Product definition: product tag fooit # This is the package name revision 1.0 # This is the package version vendor_tag fw0 # This is a release name e.g. RPMTAG_RELEASE postinstall scripts/postinstall fileset tag fooit-RUN file doc/man/man1/fooit.1 /usr/man/man1/fooit.1 file src/fooit /usr/bin/fooit APPLICABLE STANDARDS POSIX.1, IEEE Std 1387.2-1995 (Identical to ISO 15068-2:1999), Open Group CAE C701. SEE ALSO XDSA C701 http://www.opengroup.org/publications/catalog/c701.htm info swbis sw(5) swpackage(8) swbisparse(1) -- An implementation extension parser utility. IDENTIFICATION Copyright (C) 2004,2005 Jim Lowe Version: 1.13 Last Updated: 2006年07月01日 Copying Terms: GNU Free Documentation License BUGS None swpackage(5)
sw(5) File Formats Manual sw(5) NAME sw -- POSIX Software Packaging SYNOPSIS Software Packaging Layout Software Definitions Software Selections Extended Definitions Distributor Keywords Package Security Software Definition Files: INFO, INDEX, PSF Example Package SOFTWARE PACKAGING LAYOUT A package may exist in two forms: as a directory in a file system, or a serial access tar or cpio archive file. A package consists of two main sections: 1) the exported catalog structure, and, 2) the software file storage structure. Each section may contain path name components which serve to segregate distribution, product and fileset objects. Shown below is an example with one (1) product and one (1) fileset. <path>/ <path>/catalog/ <path>/catalog/INDEX <path>/catalog/<dfiles> <path>/catalog/<dfiles>/... <path>/catalog/<prod_dir>/ <path>/catalog/<prod_dir>/<pfiles>/INFO <path>/catalog/<prod_dir>/<pfiles>/... <path>/catalog/<prod_dir>/<fileset_dir>/ <path>/catalog/<prod_dir>/<fileset_dir>/INFO <path>/catalog/<prod_dir>/<fileset_dir>/... <path>/catalog/<prod_dir>/<fileset_dir>/<script> <path>/<prod_dir>/ <path>/<prod_dir>/<fileset_dir>/ <path>/<prod_dir>/<fileset_dir>/<distribution_files> <path>/<prod_dir>/<fileset_dir>/<distribution_files>/... The exported catalog structure consists of the files with pathnames that begin <path>/catalog. Note that catalog is not a legal prod_dir name. Also, "dfiles", and "pfiles" should not be used as control directory names, they are the default names for the Distribution and Product files directories. The dfiles and pfiles defaults are commonly accepted. The order of files in a serial access archive is specified and shown above. The order of products and filesets within a product is not specified, although they must be grouped together. Notably, the INDEX file is the first regular file in the package, followed by the <dfiles> directory. For each product, the <prod_dir> is followed immediately by the <prod_dir>/<pfiles> directory. Minimal Package Layout To support extant usage of tar archives, this implementation supports a minimal package layout. The layout is non-intrusive to the current practice of extracting a 'binary' package in the '/' directory where <path>/ is nil and, likewise to 'source' packages where <path> is typically the package name and version. The use of nil control directories is not attested to in the POSIX standard. <path>/ <path>/catalog/ <path>/catalog/INDEX <path>/catalog/dfiles/ <path>/catalog/dfiles/INFO <path>/catalog/dfiles/... <path>/catalog/pfiles/INFO <path>/catalog/pfiles/... <path>/catalog/INFO <path>/<distribution_files>/... In this layout a single product and fileset have control_directory attributes specified as an empty string. Distribution Files catalog/<dfiles>/... <dfiles> is the value of the dfiles attribute and the default value is "dfiles". This directory can store an INDEX file or INFO file pertaining to the distribution. It can also store an attribute of the distribution as a separate file where file name is the name of the attribute and the file contents the value. Product Files catalog/<prod_dir>/<pfiles>/... <pfiles> is the value of the pfiles attribute and the default value is "pfiles". This directory can store an INFO file pertaining to the product control_files, control scripts defined in the INFO file, and all other distributor-defined control_files. It can also store an attribute of the product as a separate file. Fileset Files catalog/<prod_dir>/<fileset_dir>/... This directory contains information in the same form as does the Product Files although pertaining to the fileset. Control Directory Names The <prod_dir>/<fileset_dir> names are the values of the control_directory attribute for the product and fileset respectively. The default value is the value of the tag attribute. <prod_dir> must be unique within a distribution and <fileset_dir> must be unique within a product. File Storage <prod_dir>/<fileset_dir>/<distribution_files>/... The listing of control directories in the exported catalog structure is repeated and files of the distribution appear under these directories in a location determined by the metadata. The standard does not require that files that are not regular files appear in the storage section. SOFTWARE DEFINITIONS The Software Definitions are metadata representations of the objects and attributes recognized by the standard. The right hand column in each definition shows the default attribute value. The defining standard for each attribute is indicated as a comment (leading '#' sign) if it is not IEEE-1387.2, other defining standards are XDSA C701 (C701), and, this implementation (impl.). Host Definition host hostname hostname None os_name os_name None os_release os_release None os_version os_version None machine_type machine_type None The host definition was attested to only in the informative annex of the standard. An implementation may chose to define this class. A host object can contain a distribution, or installed_software object. Distribution Definition distribution layout_version layout_version 1.0 path path Implementation Defined dfiles dfiles dfiles pfiles pfiles pfiles uuid uuid Empty string The path attribute is not in a PSF nor INDEX files. A PSF does not contain a uuid attribute. An INDEX file will contain a layout_version attribute as the first attribute. A distribution object can contain bundles, products, and, media in the form of software definitions. The following attributes are recognized as valuable by the Informative Annex of POSIX.7.2. tag tag Empty string title title Empty string description description Empty string revision revision Empty string media_type media_type Empty string copyright copyright Empty string create_time create_time Empty string number number Empty string architecture architecture Empty string The following attributes are recognized by this implementation. signature < pathname None # impl. sig_header < pathname None # impl. sha1sum < pathname None # impl. sha512sum < pathname None # impl. md5sum < pathname None # impl. adjunct_md5sum < pathname None # impl. files < pathname None # impl. control_directory control_directory Empty string # impl. owner name root # impl. group name root # impl. mode mode 0755 # impl. signer_pgm utility_name GPG # impl. signer_pgm_version version 1 # impl. tar_format_emulation_options program_options # impl. tar_format_emulation_utility software spec # impl. The url attribute is the universal record locator of the packager qualified vendor. The control_directory attribute in the distribution object appears as the <path> leading directory path in the a serial archive package. The owner, group, and mode attributes control the file attributes of the single path name prefix. The signature, sig_header, md5sum, and adjunct_md5sum attributes are described below and are stored as separate files in the dfiles directory. The tar_format_emulation_* options define the GNU tar version and format options that the archive file mimics, these attributes are used by the 'checkdigest' script. Installed_software Definition installed_software layout_version layout_version 1.0 path path Implementation Defined dfiles dfiles dfiles pfiles pfiles dfiles catalog catalog Undefined install_time install_time Undefined # impl. A software object can be listed (written to stdout) in the form of an INDEX file by the swlist utility. Media Definition media sequence_number sequence_number 1 An INDEX file must contain the sequence_number attribute if the distribution spans multiple media. Vendor Definition vendor the_term_vendor_is_misleading true True or False #impl tag tag Empty string title title Empty string description description Empty string qualifier qualifier Empty string # impl. url url Empty string # impl. vendor_tag tag Empty string # impl. The tag attribute is required. The the_term_vendor_is_misleading is required in a PSF file to avert a (harmless) warning, please use it. It exists to allow persons, for example, who are distributors (of existing free software) to qualify themselves away from the connotations of a "vendor" which has specific meaning not applicable to a free software distributor. A INDEX and PSF files can contain vendor definitions. The vendor_tag attribute contains the vendor.tag of the upstream distributor. The qualifier attribute value may be one of: seller, author, packager, maintainer. A distribution may have more than one vendor definition. They may form a chain of references from the product.vendor_tag to the last vendor referred to by the vendor.vendor_tag attributes. Bundle Definition bundle tag tag architecture architecture Empty string location location <bundle.directory> qualifier qualifier Empty string revision revision Empty string vendor_tag vendor_tag Empty string create_time create_time None description description Empty string contents contents Empty string copyright copyright Empty string directory directory Empty string instance_id instance_id 1 is_locatable is_locatable true layout_version layoyt_version 1.0 machine_type machine_type Empty string mod_time mod_time Empty string number number Empty string os_name os_name Empty string os_release os_release Empty string os_version os_version Empty string size size Empty string title title Empty string category_tag category_tag Empty list or patch # C701 is_patch is_patch false # C701 The tag and contents attributes are required in INDEX and PSF files. The size attribute is not allowed in either file. The value of size is generated dynamically. An INDEX file will contain a instance_id attribute. Bundle definitions for distributions will not contain either the location or qualifier, installed_software objects may contain these attributes. Product Definition product tag tag None architecture architecture Empty string location location <product.directory> qualifier qualifier Empty string revision revision Empty string vendor_tag vendor_tag Empty string all_filesets all_filesets Empty list control_directory control_directory <product.tag> copyright copyright Empty string create_time create_time None directory directory / description description Empty string instance_id instance_id 1 is_locatable is_locatable true postkernel postkernel Implemen. defined layout_version layout_version 1.0 machine_type machine_type Empty string number number Empty string os_name os_name Empty string os_release os_release Empty string os_version os_version Empty string mod_time mod_time None size size None title title title category_tag category_tag Empty list # C701 is_patch is_patch false # C701 copyrighters copyrighters None # impl. build_root build_root None # impl. build_host build_host None # impl. source_package source_package None # impl. source_rpm source_rpm None # impl. all_patches all_patches None # impl. url url None # impl. rpm_provides rpm_provides None # impl. change_log change_log None # impl. The tag and control_directory attributes are required. The size attribute is not allowed in either file. The value of size is generated dynamically. An INDEX file will contain a instance_id attribute. A product object can contain control_files, files, and, subproducts in the form of software definitions. The product.vendor_tag refers to the downstream distributor. This value is be the analogous to the RPMTAG_RELEASE or debian_release attributes. The original upstream author's package, for example, would not use this attribute because that package would not have a release part in its name, but could (or should) provide a vendor object in the PSF. The architecture attribute contains an implementation defined name describing the architecture. This attribute may be a pattern. The swbis implementation uses the output of GNU config.guess (timestamp=2007年01月15日) as the string to be matched by this pattern. Category Definition category tag tag None # C701 title title Empty string # C701 description description Empty string # C701 revision revision Empty string # C701 The Category definition describes attributes of products and bundles related to its category. If is_patch is "true" then category.tag must equal "patch". Subroduct Definition subproduct tag tag None create_time create_time None description description Empty string mod_time mod_time None size size None title title Empty string contents contents Empty list category_tag category_tag Empty list # C701 is_patch is_patch false # C701 The tag and contents attributes are required. Fileset Definition fileset tag tag None create_time create_time None mod_time mod_time None control_directory control_directory <fileset.tag> corequisites corequisites Empty list description description Empty string exrequisites exrequisites Empty list is_kernel is_kernel false is_locatable is_locatable true is_reboot is_reboot false location location <product.directory> media_sequence_number media_sequence_number 1 prerequisites prerequisites Empty list revision revision None size size None state state None title title Empty string is_sparse is_sparse "false" # C701 is_patch is_patch "false" # C701 category_tag category_tag empty list # C701 ancestor ancestor <product.tag>,ver_id # C701 applied_patches applied_patches empty list # C701 patch_state patch_state applied or, # C701 committed or, superseded, (no default). saved_files_directory saved_files_directory None # C701 supersedes supersedes None # C701 superseded_by superseded_by None # C701 The tag and control_directory attributes are required. A PSF should not contain the location, media_sequence_number, size, or state attributes. A fileset object can contain control_files, files, in the form of software definitions. File Definition file path path None cksum cksum None compressed_cksum compressed_cksum None compressed_size compressed_size None compression_state compression_state uncompressed compression_type compression_type Empty string revision revision Empty string size size None source source None gid gid Undefined group group Empty string is_volatile is_volatile false link_source link_source None major major None minor minor None mode mode None mtime mtime None owner owner Empty string type type f uid uid undefined archive_path archive_path empty string # C701 md5sum md5sum empty string # impl. sha1sum sha1sum empty string # impl. sha512sum sha512sum empty string # impl. rdev rdev empty string # impl. rpm_fileflags rpm_fileflags empty string # impl. A PSF must contain source attribute. A source attribute in an INFO will be ignored. A PSF should not contain the cksum, compressed_cksum, compressed_size, compression_state, compression_type, or size attributes. Control File Definition control_file tag tag None cksum cksum None compressed_cksum compressed_cksum None compressed_size compressed_size None compression_state compression_state uncompressed compression_type compression_type Empty string revision revision Empty string size size None source source None path path None interpreter interpreter sh result result none A control_file defines a control script such as those listed below (see Extended Control File Definitions) or an attribute stored as a file. SOFTWARE SELECTIONS The Software Selections provide a means to specify and select (possibly with a shell matching pattern) specific Software objects. A selection is made using a software spec. A software spec may not contain white space (a list of multiple selections is white space delimited). A software spec consists of tag values and version_ids. Multiple tags are '.' (dot) delimited with the leftmost specifying the broadest (most general) software object such as a bundle or product and the rightmost being most specific (The swbis implementation does not support fileset tags in a software spec). The tags may be followed by nothing, or a comma and one or more Version Identifiers which are ',' comma delimited. Dependency Specs are software specs. Version Identifiers Version Identifiers specify specific attributes of a software object. There are five (5) specified. They are signified by a single letter: r,a,v,l,q. An implementation may support additional ones and may support qualification to a specific object type by prefixing a 'p' or 'b' or 'f' for bundle, product, or fileset respectively. The value of the attribute follows an equals sign '=', or in the case of a revision id, a relational operator. Letter Attribute r revision r<relop>revsion # A relop may be ==,<,>,<=,>= v vendor_tag v=vendor_tag q qualifier q=qualifier l location l=location a architecture a=arch Implementation Extension Version Ids are the following: Letter Attribute i catalog_instance_id i=number The catalog instance_id is a directory in the installed software catalog that distinguishes installed instances of packages with the same name and revision but at different locations. Example Software Specs emacs,r==21.2 kde.kdegames # This assumes that 'kde' was specified as the bundle # in the kdegames package foobar,r>1.0,v=tycoon003 somepackage,r>1.0,r<=1.3 # revision is the product revision by default somepackage,pr>1.0,pr<=1.3 # explicitly specify revision is the product revision DEPENDENCY SPECS A dependency spec is a software spec. There are three types: prerequisites, exrequisites, corequisites. These attributes apply to the fileset and are placed in the fileset object in a PSF file. A prerequisites is something that must be installed, and a exrequisites is something that must not be installed. A corequisites is something that must be installed with, corequisites are not supported at this time. prerequisites map to RPMTAG_REQUIRENAME, RPMTAG_REQUIREVERSION, and RPMTAG_REQUIREFLAGS attributes. Dependency Spec Examples # Alternation Require a package named foo1 or foo2 prerequisite foo1|foo2 # Require a package named foo1 and foo2 prerequisite foo1 foo2 # multiple prerequisite keywords can be used prerequisite foo1 prerequisite foo2 # Require a revision range and a certain vendor_tag prerequisite foo1,r>2,r<3,v=mydist* EXTENDED DEFINITIONS A Product Specification File (PSF) can contain Extended Definitions in the fileset, product or bundle software definitions. They would have the same level or containment relationship as a file or control_file definition in the same contaning object. Extended Definitions represent a minimal, expressive form for specifying files and file attributes. Their use in a PSF is optional in that an equivalent PSF can be constructed without using them, however, their use is encouraged for the sake of brevity and orthogonality. The swbis implementation requires that no [ordinary] attributes appear after Extended Definitions in the containing object, and, requires that Extended Definitions appear before logically contained objects. That is, the parser uses the next object keyword to syntacticly and logically terminate the current object even if the current object has logically contained objects. o Extended Control File Definitions checkinstall source [path] preinstall source [path] postinstall source [path] verify source [path] fix source [path] checkremove source [path] preremove source [path] postremove source [path] configure source [path] unconfigure source [path] request source [path] unpreinstall source [path] unpostinstall source [path] space source [path] control_file source [path] The source attribute defines the location in distributors's development system where the swpackage utility will find the script. The keyword is the value of the tag attribute and tells the utilities when to execute the script. The path attribute is optional and specifies the file name in the packages distribution relative to the control_directory for software containing the script. If not given the tag value is used as the filename. o Directory Mapping directory source [destination] Applies the source attribute as the directory under which the subsequently listed files are located. If destination is defined it will be used as a prefix to the path (implied) file definition. source is typically a temporary or build location and dest is its unrealized absolute pathname destination. o Recursive File Definition file * Specifies every file in current source directory. The directory extended definition must be used before the recursive specification. o Explicit File Definition file [-t type] [-m mode] [-o owner[,uid]] [-g group[,gid]] [-n] [-v] source [path] source source defines the pathname of the file to be used as the source of file data and/or attributes. If it is a relative path, then swpackage searches for this file relative to the the source argument of the directory keyword, if set. If directory keyword is not set then the search is relative to the current working directory of the swpackage utility's invocation. All attributes for the destination file are taken from the source file, unless a file_permissions keyword is active, or the -m, -o, or -g options are also included in the file specification. path path defines the destination path where the file will be created or installed. If it is a relative path, then the destination path of the of the directory keyword must be active and will be used as the path prefix. If path is not specified then source is used as the value of path and directory mapping applied (if active). -t type type may one of 'd' (directory), or 'h' (hard link), or 's' (symbolic link). -t d Create a directory. If path is not specified source is used as the path attribute. -t h Create a hard link. path and source are specified. source is used as the value of the link_source attribute, and path is the value of the path attribute. -t s Create a symbolic link. path and source are specified. source is used as the value of the link_source attribute, and path is the value of the path attribute. -m mode mode defines the octal mode for the file. o Default Permission Definition file_permissions [-m mode] [-u umask] [-o [owner[,]][uid]] [-g [group[,]][gid]] Applies to subsequently listed file definitions in a fileset. These attributes will apply where the file attributes were not specified explicitly in a file definition. Subsequent file_permissions definitions simply replace previous definitions (resetting all the options). To reset the file_permission state (i.e. turn it off) use one of the following: file_permissions "" or the preferred way is file_permissions -u 000 o Excluding Files exclude source Excludes a previously included file or an entire directory. o Including Files include <filename The contents of filename may be more definitions for files. The syntax of the included file is PSF syntax. DISTRIBUTOR KEYWORDS A software definition file (INFO, INDEX or psf) may contain keywords not recognized by the standard. Such keywords will be parsed as an attribute keyword, that is as an attribute of the containing object (keyword) software definition. PACKAGE SECURITY The Package Security Attributes are distribution attributes stored as separate files. They are implementation extensions. They consist of archive digests, catalog signature, catalog signature header, and individual file md5, sha1, and sha512 digests. Archive Digests md5sum, sha1sum, and sha512sum are the md5 and sha1 and sha512 digests (ascii representations) of the leading package directories that do not have the catalog pathname component followed by the software file storage structure portion of the uncompressed serial access package file including all archive format trailer blocks. <path>/catalog/<dfiles>/md5sum <path>/catalog/<dfiles>/sha1sum <path>/catalog/<dfiles>/sha512sum Adjunct Md5 Digest adjunct_md5sum is the same as the md5sum excluding symbolic links. If a package does not contain symbolic links the md5sum and adjunct_md5sum will be identical. <path>/catalog/<dfiles>/adjunct_md5sum Explanation: This attribute is called 'adjunct' because it is a digest of a subset of the files in the package. It exists to facilitate verifying file integrity of the directory form of a package in an environment where the modification time of symbolic link files are not preserved from the serial archive by the tar utility or operating system. The ability to verify even the adjunct_md5sum from the directory form of the package is dependent on the tar creating utility and other attributes of a POSIX.2 environment. Catalog Signature Header The sig_header file is a ustar header that is identical bit-for-bit to the ustar header of the signature file. It always precedes the signature file archive members. <path>/catalog/<dfiles>/sig_header The sig_header protects the tar header of the signature files from tampering. This is required because neither the signature file bytes nor the signature tar header are included in the signed data. Catalog Signature The signature protects the metadata section of the archive. The contents of payload section are only included in the form of a crytographic digest. The sha1 digest is preferred over the md5 digest for technical reasons. If the metadata section does not contain the payload section digests then there is no way to verify the payload from the signature. <path>/catalog/<dfiles>/signature The signed data is the exported catalog structure of the uncompressed serial archive package file up to but not including the first byte of the software file storage structure followed by two (2) 512 byte null blocks if tar format, and no trailer bytes if not tar format. The signature file archive member itself is not included in the signed stream, it is intended that the <path>/catalog/<dfiles>/md5sum file is included in the signed stream. The signature file is ASCII armored. The last printable character of the signature is followed by one or more newline characters (0x0A). The total length of the file must match the file size specified in the size field of the sig_header file. The ustar header of every signature archive member shall be identical to the sig_header file. The padded size is predetermined [by swpackage] and currently set to be 1024 octets. This means the armored sig file has a length limitation of 1023 octets. If multiple signature archive members exist they must follow one another in the archive with no other intervening files; and, the same sig_header file is the ustar header for all the signature archive members. A signature archive member, whether alone or one of many, is never part of the signed data stream. File Digests File digests are attributes of the file software definition. They appear in the INFO file. file.cksum file.md5sum file.sha1sum file.sha512sum Each file can have none or all of these digests. SOFTWARE DEFINITION FILES The metadata files, INDEX, INFO and PSF, contain information about the software in the form of software definitions. The INDEX and INFO files appear in a package directory structure. They are automatically generated by the 'swpackage' command. The location in the directory structure indicates the higher level object to which their data pertains. The PSF file does not appear in the package. It is created by a person or program and it directs the action of the swpackage utility. It is internal data unless released by the distributor. The files contain keywords (and values) to represent the attributes defined in the standard. There are three (3) different keyword types: object, attribute, and, extended. The object keyword type has no value and there are eleven (11) of these corresponding to the Software Definitions defined above: installed_software, distribution, media, bundle, vendor, category, product, subproduct, fileset, control_file, file. Each object keyword is followed by and newline and attributes in the form of keyword/value pairs. Whitespace separates the keyword and value. Whitespace outside of a quoted value is not significant. A quoted value can span multiple lines. An object keyword with its list of attribute keywords (and values) forms a Software Definition. A Software Definition is terminated by the start of the next Software Definition. Extended keywords (meaning Extended Definitions) only appear in a PSF file. The order of objects (i.e Software Definitions) is significant and a containment hierarchy is determined according to parser's grammar. Additional Syntax Rules キ A '#' (pound) character designates a comment. A comment may begin a line or appear at the end of a single line containing the keyword/value pair. キ A value may be quoted by the '"' (double quote) character; and, multi-line values must be quoted. Trailing white space from an unquoted value will be removed. キ The order of attributes is not significant although the INDEX file grammar requires the layout_version attribute appear first in distribution or installed software object. キ The ", #, and, \ characters must be escaped with a backslash (\) in a quoted value. キ If a value begins with a < (less than), the value is interpreted as a filename whose contents will be treated as a quoted value although the storage of the attribute will be in the form of a control file (i.e. a separate file in the control directory). For INDEX files, the filename is relative to the control directory in which this attribute is contained. For PSF files, the filename is a path on the host. Software Definition File Grammar A PSF may contain all Software Definitions. An INDEX file does not contain control_file, or file definitions. An INFO file contains only control_file, and file definitions. software_definition_file : INDEX | INFO | PSF ; PSF : distribution_definition swo_contents ; INDEX : swo_definition swo_contents ; INFO : fileset_contents ; swo_definition : distribution_definition | installed_software ; distribution_definition : distribution media ; swo_contents : vendor(s) | category(s) | products | bundles ; products : product product_contents ; bundles : bundle ; product_contents : control_files /* control_files not valid in INDEX file */ | subproducts | filesets ; filesets : fileset /* fileset_contents not valid in INDEX file */ fileset_contents ; fileset_contents : control_files | files ; EXAMPLE PACKAGE Layout swm-1.0/catalog swm-1.0/catalog/INDEX swm-1.0/catalog/dfiles swm-1.0/catalog/dfiles/INFO swm-1.0/catalog/dfiles/md5sum swm-1.0/catalog/dfiles/sha1sum swm-1.0/catalog/dfiles/adjunct_md5sum swm-1.0/catalog/dfiles/sig_header swm-1.0/catalog/dfiles/signature swm-1.0/catalog/gsoft_swm swm-1.0/catalog/gsoft_swm/pfiles swm-1.0/catalog/gsoft_swm/pfiles/INFO swm-1.0/catalog/gsoft_swm/pfiles/remove swm-1.0/catalog/gsoft_swm/pfiles/configure swm-1.0/catalog/gsoft_swm/bin swm-1.0/catalog/gsoft_swm/bin/INFO swm-1.0/catalog/gsoft_swm/bin/postinstall swm-1.0/catalog/gsoft_swm/bin/configure swm-1.0/catalog/gsoft_swm/doc swm-1.0/catalog/gsoft_swm/doc/INFO swm-1.0/catalog/gsoft_swm/doc/postinstall swm-1.0/gsoft_swm swm-1.0/gsoft_swm/bin swm-1.0/gsoft_swm/bin/usr/bin/swpackage swm-1.0/gsoft_swm/bin/usr/bin/sw_build swm-1.0/gsoft_swm/doc swm-1.0/gsoft_swm/doc/usr/man/man1/swpackage.1 swm-1.0/gsoft_swm/doc/usr/man/man1/sw_build.1 Hypothetical PSF file distribution control_directory swm-1.0 #Implementation Extension. vendor the_term_vendor_is_misleading false # True or False tag greatsoft title Greatersoft Corporation description "Greatersoft Corporation, Inc." product tag swm title POSIX 1387 package builder revision 1.0 control_directory gsoft_swm vendor_tag greatsoft description A package building Utility. machine_type i386 control_file path remove source /var/tmp/sw/remove.source configure /var/tmp/sw/configure.source fileset tag bin control_directory bin title Executable Files state available postinstall /var/tmp/sw/bin/postinstall configure /var/tmp/sw/bin/configure file -m 0755 -o root -g root /var/tmp/sw/build/bin/swpackage \ /usr/bin/swpackage file -m 0755 -o root -g root /var/tmp/sw/build/bin/sw_build \ /usr/bin/sw_build fileset tag doc control_directory doc title Manual Pages state available postinstall /var/tmp/sw/bin/postinstall file -m 0644 -o root -g root /var/tmp/sw/build/man/swpackage.1 \ /usr/man/man1/swpackage.1 file mode 0644 owner root group root source /var/tmp/sw/build/man/sw_build.1 path /usr/man/man1/sw_build.1 INDEX File swm-1.0/catalog/INDEX distribution layout_version 1.0 tag swm-1.0 uuid 880ccf8b-de2c-4422-bff0-fd686279da73 md5sum < md5sum adjunct_md5sum < adjunct_md5sum sig_header < sig_header signature < signature media sequence_number 1 vendor the_term_vendor_is_misleading false # True or False tag greatsoft title Greatersoft Corporation description "Greatersoft Corporation, Inc." product tag swm title POSIX 1387 package builder revision 1.0 instance_id 1 control_directory gsoft_swm vendor_tag greatsoft description A package building Utility. machine_type i386 fileset tag bin control_directory bin size 196643 title Executable Files state available fileset tag doc control_directory doc size 19643 title Manual Pages state available INFO File swm-1.0/catalog/dfiles/INFO control_file path INFO tag INFO size 92 control_file path md5sum tag md5sum size 36 control_file path adjunct_md5sum tag adjunct_md5sum size 36 control_file path sig_header tag sig_header size 512 control_file path signature tag signature size 512 INFO File swm-1.0/catalog/gsoft_swm/bin/INFO control_file path INFO tag INFO size 337 control_file path postinstall type f size 803 cksum 3928827394 mode 550 uid 0 gid 0 owner root group root mtime 739080341 control_file path configure type f size 432 cksum 3934546394 mode 550 uid 0 gid 0 owner root group root mtime 739340771 file path /usr/bin/swpackage type f size 80860 cksum 3929827394 mode 755 uid 0 gid 0 owner root group root mtime 739080771 file path /usr/bin/sw_build type f size 120860 cksum 9894925524 mode 755 uid 0 gid 0 owner root group root mtime 7393808731 SWBIS PSF CONVENTIONS This section describes attribute usage and conventions imposed by the swbis implementation. Not all attributes are listed here. Those that are have important effects or particular interest. o Distribution Attributes The standard defines a limited set of attributes for the distribution object. An expanded set is suggested by the informative annex however a conforming implementation is not required act on them. The reason for this is a distribution may be acted upon by a conforming utility in such a way that attributes of the distribution become invalid. For this reason, some attributes that refer to an entire "package" [in other package managers] are referred from the product object and attain their broadened scope by the distributor's convention that their distribution contains just one product. For example, the package NAME and VERSION are referred from the product tag and revision, not the distribution's. This convention supports multiple products in a distribution and is consistent with the standard. tag tag is the short, file system friendly, name of the distribution. Providing a distribution tag is optional. The swbis implementation will use this as the [single] path name prefix if there is no distribution.control_directory attribute. A distribution tag attribute and swpackage's response to it is an implementation extension. The leading package path can also be controlled with the ''-W dir'' option. control_directory control_directory, in a distribution object, is the constant leading package path. Providing this attribute is optional. A distribution control_directory attribute and swpackage's response to it is an implementation extension. The leading package path can also be controlled with the ''-W dir'' option. This attribute will be generated by swpackage if not set in a PSF. o Bundle Attributes A bundle defines a collection of products whether or not the distribution has all the products present. tag tag is the short, file system friendly, name of the bundle. This value is used by the swbis implementation as a path name component in the installed software catalog. If it is not present the product tag is used. o Product Attributes A product defines the software product. tag tag is the short, file system friendly, name of the product. This value is used by the swbis implementation as a path name component in the installed software catalog. It is required. The swbis implementation uses it in a way that is analogous to the RPMTAG_NAME attribute, namely as the public recognizable name of the package. control_directory Is the directory name in the distribution under which the product contents are located. This value has no affect on the installed software catalog. If it is not given in a PSF then the tag is used. revision Is the product revision. It should not contain a "RELEASE" attribute part or other version suffix modifiers. This value is used by the swbis implementation as a path name component in the installed software catalog. It is required by swinstall. vendor_tag This is a short identifying name of the distributor that supplied the product and may associate (refer to) a vendor object from the INDEX file that has a matching tag attribute. This attribute is optional. This attribute value should strive to be unique among all distributors. The swbis implementation modifies the intended usage slightly as a string that strives to be globally unique for a given product.tag and product.revision. In this capacity it serves to distinguish products with the same revision and tag from the same or different distributor. It most closely maps to the RPMTAG_RELEASE or "debian_revision" attributes. It is one of the version distinguishing attributes of a product specified by the standard. It is transfered into the installed_software catalog (not as a path name component) by swinstall. If this attribute exists there should also be a vendor object in the PSF in the distribution object that has this tag. This attribute is assigned the value of RPMTAG_RELEASE by swpackage when translating an RPM. architecture This string is one of the version attributes. It is used to disambiguate products that have the same tag, revision and vendor_tag. It is not used for determining a products compatibility with a host. The form is implementation defined. swbis uses the output of GNU config.guess as the value of this string. A wildcard pattern should not be used. The canonical swbis architecture string can be listed with swlist. For example swlist -a architecture @ localhost Here are some example outputs from real systems. System `uname -srm` architecture Red Hat 8.0: Linux 2.4.18 i686 i686-pc-linux-gnu OpenSolaris: SunOS 5.11 i86pc i386-pc-solaris2.11 NetBSD 3.1: NetBSD 3.1 i386 i386-unknown-netbsdelf3.1 Red Hat 4.1: Linux 2.0.36 i586 i586-pc-linux-gnulibc1 Debian 3.1: Linux 2.6.8-2-386 i686 i686-pc-linux-gnu os_name os_release os_version machine_type These attributes are used to determine compatibility with a host. They correspond to the uname attributes defined by POSIX.1. If an value is nil or non-existent it is assumed to match the host. All attributes must match for there to be compatibility. Distributors may wish to make these values a shell pattern in their PSF's so to match the intended collection of hosts. swbis uses fnmatch (with FLAGS=0) to determine a match. o Fileset Attributes A fileset defines the fileset. tag tag is the short, file system friendly, name of the fileset. It is required although selection of filesets is not yet supported therefore the end user will have little to do with the fileset tag. control_directory Is the directory name in the product under which the fileset contents are located. This value has no affect on the installed software catalog. If it is not given in a PSF then the tag is used. o Example Source Package PSF This PSF packages every file is current directory. It uses nil control directories so the package structure does not change relative to a vanilla tarball. distribution description "fooit - a program from fooware that does everything." title "fooit - a really cool program" COPYING < /usr/local/fooware/legalstuff/COPYING vendor the_term_vendor_is_misleading false tag fooware title fooware Consultancy Services, Inc. description "" vendor the_term_vendor_is_misleading true tag myfixes1 title Bug fixes, Set 1 description "a place for more detailed description" product tag fooit control_directory "" revision 1.0 vendor_tag myfixes1 # Matches the vendor object above fileset tag fooit-SOURCE control_directory "" directory . file * exclude catalog o Example Runtime (Binary) Package PSF This is a sample PSF for a runtime package. It implies multiple products (e.g. sub-packages) using the bundle.contents attribute. Since the bundle and product tags exist in a un-regulated namespace and are seen by end users they should be carefully chosen. Note that the bundle and product have the same tag which may force downstream users to disambiguate using software selection syntax such as fooit,bv=* or fooit,pv=* . distribution description "fooit - a program from fooware that does everything." title "fooit - a really cool program" COPYING < /usr/local/fooware/legalstuff/COPYING vendor the_term_vendor_is_misleading false tag fooware title fooware Consultancy Services, Inc. description "Provider of the programs that do everything" vendor the_term_vendor_is_misleading true tag fw0 title fooware fixes description "More fixes from the fooware users" # Bundle definition: Use a bundle bundle tag fooit vendor_tag fooware contents fooit,v=fw0 fooit-devel fooit-doc # Product definition: product tag fooit # This is the package name revision 1.0 # This is the package version vendor_tag fw0 # This is a release name e.g. RPMTAG_RELEASE postinstall scripts/postinstall fileset tag fooit-RUN file doc/man/man1/fooit.1 /usr/man/man1/fooit.1 file src/fooit /usr/bin/fooit APPLICABLE STANDARDS IEEE Std 1387.2-1995 (Identical to ISO 15068-2:1999), Open Group CAE C701 SEE ALSO XDSA C701 http://www.opengroup.org/publications/catalog/c701.htm swbisparse(1) -- An implementation extension parser utility. swcopy(8) swinstall(8) swbis(7) swbis(1) swpackage(5) swpackage(8) swverify(8) IDENTIFICATION Copyright (C) 2005 Jim Lowe Version: 1.13 Last Updated: 2006-01 Copying Terms: GNU Free Documentation License BUGS None sw(5)
(This section is currently under construction).
The configuration file is called a defaults file. The defaults file contains extended options which also can be specified using the '-x' option.
There are two (2) defaults files, the POSIX file named swdefaults and the swbis specific file named swbisdefaults. The swbis extension options all begin with "swbis_".
For all users the following config file values are recommended (these are the builtin defaults):
swbis_local_pax_write_command = tar # {pax|tar|star|gtar}
swbis_remote_pax_write_command = tar # {pax|tar|star|gtar}
swbis_local_pax_read_command = tar # {pax|tar|star|gtar}
swbis_remote_pax_read_command = tar # {pax|tar|star|gtar}
swbis_no_getconf = true # true or false
swlist.swbis_local_pax_write_command = detect # {pax|tar|gtar|detect}
swlist.swbis_remote_pax_write_command = detect # {pax|tar|gtar|detect}
swverify.swbis_local_pax_write_command = detect # {detect|pax|tar|gtar}
swverify.swbis_remote_pax_write_command = detect # {detect|pax|tar|gtar}
swbis_shell_command = detect # {detect|sh|bash|posix|ksh}
swbis_allow_rpm = true
swcopy.swbis_no_audit = true # true or false
The files are located in two places, in the package library directory such as /usr/lib/swbis, and in the user's home directory in the .swbis directory.
To show these locations:
swinstall --show-options-files
To show the options:
swinstall --show-options
To show the compiled in defaults if no defaults files are read:
swinstall --no-defaults --show-options
# File: sw defaults
## uncomment options as needed.
installed_software_catalog = var/lib/swbis/catalog
#swinstall.allow_downdate = false
#swinstall.allow_incompatible = false
#swinstall.ask = false
#swinstall.autoreboot = false
#swinstall.autoselect_dependencies = false
#swinstall.defer_configure = false
#swinstall.distribution_source_directory = -
#swinstall.enforce_dependencies = false
#swinstall.enforce_dsa = false
#swinstall.enforce_locatable = false
#swinstall.enforce_scripts = false
#swinstall.installed_software_catalog = var/lib/swbis/catalog
#swinstall.logfile = /var/log/swinstall.log
#swinstall.loglevel = 1
#swinstall.reinstall = false
#swinstall.select_local =
#swinstall.software =
#swinstall.targets =
#swinstall.verbose = 1
#swcopy.autoselect_dependencies = false # Support not implemented.
#swcopy.compress_files = false # Support not implemented.
#swcopy.compression_type = none # Support not implemented.
#swcopy.distribution_source_directory = - # Standard input
#swcopy.distribution_target_directory = - # Standard output
#swcopy.enforce_dependencies = false # Support not implemented.
#swcopy.enforce_dsa = false # Support not implemented.
#swcopy.logfile = /var/log/swcopy.log
#swcopy.loglevel = 0 # Support not implemented.
#swcopy.recopy = false # Support not implemented.
#swcopy.select_local = false # Support not implemented.
#swcopy.software =
#swcopy.targets =
#swcopy.uncompress_files = false # Support not implemented.
#swcopy.verbose = 1
#swremove.autoselect_dependencies = true
#swremove.distribution_target_directory = /var/spool/sw
#swremove.enforce_dependencies = true
#swremove.enforce_scripts = true
#swremove.enforce_dsa = true
#swremove.installed_software_catalog = var/lib/swbis/catalog
#swremove.logfile = /var/log/swremove.log
#swremove.loglevel = 1
#swremove.select_local = true
#swremove.software =
#swremove.targets =
#swremove.verbose = 1
#swconfig.allow_incompatible = false
#swconfig.allow_multiple_versions = false
#swconfig.ask = false
#swconfig.autoselect_dependencies = true
#swconfig.autoselect_dependents = false
#swconfig.enforce_dependencies = true
#swconfig.installed_software_catalog = var/lib/swbis/catalog
#swconfig.logfile = /var/log/swconfig.log
#swconfig.loglevel = 1
#swconfig.reconfigure = false
#swconfig.select_local = true
#swconfig.software =
#swconfig.targets =
#swconfig.verbose = 1
#swask.autoselect_dependencies = true
#swask.distribution_source_directory = /var/spool/sw
#swask.distribution_source_serial = -
#swask.logfile = /var/log/swask.log
#swask.loglevel = 1
#swask.select_local = true
#swask.software =
#swask.targets =
#swask.verbose = 1
#swmodify.distribution_target_directory = /var/spool/sw
#swmodify.installed_software_catalog = var/lib/swbis/catalog
#swmodify.files =
#swmodify.logfile = /var/log/swmodify.log
#swmodify.loglevel = 1
#swmodify.select_local = true
#swmodify.software =
#swmodify.targets =
#swmodify.verbose = 1
#swverify.allow_incompatible = false
#swverify.autoselect_dependencies = true
#swverify.check_contents = true
#swverify.check_permissions = true
#swverify.check_requisites = true
#swverify.check_scripts = true
#swverify.check_volatile = false
#swverify.distribution_target_directory = /var/spool/sw
#swverify.enforce_dependencies = true
#swverify.enforce_locatable = true
#swverify.installed_software_catalog = var/lib/swbis/catalog
#swverify.logfile = /var/log/swverify.log
#swverify.loglevel = 1
#swverify.select_local =
#swverify.software =
#swverify.targets =
#swverify.verbose = 1
#swlist.distribution_target_directory = /
#swlist.installed_software_catalog = var/lib/swbis/catalog
#swlist.one_liner = products # {products|files|dir}
#swlist.select_local = true
#swlist.software =
#swlist.targets =
#swlist.verbose = 1
#swpackage.distribution_target_directory = /var/spool/sw
#swpackage.distribution_target_serial = -
#swpackage.enforce_dsa = false
#swpackage.follow_symlinks = false
#swpackage.logfile = /var/log/swpackage.log
#swpackage.loglevel = 1
#swpackage.media_capacity = 0
#swpackage.media_type = serial
#swpackage.psf_source_file = -
#swpackage.software =
#swpackage.verbose = 1
# end of swdefaults file
# File: swbisdefaults
## Uncomment options as needed.
# Suggested Defaults
#swbis_no_getconf = true # true or false, Deprecated.
#swbis_shell_command = detect # {sh|detect|bash|posix|ksh}
#swbis_no_remote_kill = true # true or false
#swbis_quiet_progress_bar = true # true or false
#swlist.swbis_local_pax_write_command = detect
#swlist.swbis_remote_pax_write_command = detect
#swverify.swbis_local_pax_write_command = detect
#swverify.swbis_remote_pax_write_command = detect
#swbis_local_pax_write_command = tar # {pax|tar|star|gtar|swbistar}
#swbis_remote_pax_write_command = tar # {pax|tar|star|gtar|swbistar}
#swbis_local_pax_read_command = tar # {pax|tar|star|gtar}
#swbis_remote_pax_read_command = tar # {pax|tar|star|gtar}
#swbis_remote_shell_client = ssh
#swbis_allow_rpm = true
#swbis_forward_agent = false # Forward ssh agent. true=yes false=no
#swcopy.swbis_no_getconf = false # true or false, Deprecated.
#swcopy.swbis_shell_command = detect # {sh|bash|posix|ksh|detect}
#swcopy.swbis_no_remote_kill = false # true or false
#swcopy.swbis_quiet_progress_bar = true # true or false
#swcopy.swbis_no_audit = true # true or false
#swcopy.swbis_local_pax_write_command = pax # {pax|tar|star|gtar|swbistar}
#swcopy.swbis_remote_pax_write_command = pax # {pax|tar|star|gtar|swbistar}
#swcopy.swbis_local_pax_read_command = pax # {pax|tar|star|gtar}
#swcopy.swbis_remote_pax_read_command = pax # {pax|tar|star|gtar}
#swcopy.swbis_remote_shell_client = ssh
#swcopy.swbis_forward_agent = true
#swinstall.swbis_no_getconf = false # true or false, Deprecated.
#swinstall.swbis_shell_command = detect # {sh|bash|posix|ksh|detect}
#swinstall.swbis_no_remote_kill = false # true or false
#swinstall.swbis_quiet_progress_bar = true # true or false
#swinstall.swbis_local_pax_write_command = pax # {pax|tar|star|gtar|swbistar}
#swinstall.swbis_remote_pax_write_command = pax # {pax|tar|star|gtar|swbistar}
#swinstall.swbis_local_pax_read_command = pax # {pax|tar|star|gtar}
#swinstall.swbis_remote_pax_read_command = pax # {pax|tar|star|gtar}
#swinstall.swbis_sig_level = 0 # number of signatures to require
#swinstall.swbis_enforce_file_md5 = false
#swinstall.swbis_allow_rpm = false
#swinstall.swbis_remote_shell_client = ssh
#swinstall.swbis_install_volatile = true
#swinstall.swbis_volatile_newname = "" # e.g. ".rpmnew"
#swinstall.swbis_forward_agent = true
#swinstall.swbis_ignore_scripts = false
#swpackage.swbis_cksum = "false" # true or false
#swpackage.swbis_file_digests = "true" # true or false
#swpackage.swbis_files = "false" # true or false
#swpackage.swbis_sign = "false" # true or false
#swpackage.swbis_archive_digests = "false" # true or false
#swpackage.swbis_gpg_name = ""
#swpackage.swbis_gpg_path = "~/.gnupg"
#swpackage.swbis_gzip = "false" # true or false
#swpackage.swbis_bzip2 = "false" # true or false
#swpackage.swbis_numeric_owner = "false" # true or false
#swpackage.swbis_absolute_names = "false" # true or false
#swpackage.swbis_format = "ustar"
#swpackage.swbis_signer_pgm = "GPG"
#swpackage.swbis_check_duplicates = "true"
#swlist.swbis_no_getconf = false # true or false, Deprecated.
#swlist.swbis_shell_command = detect # {sh|bash|posix|ksh}
#swlist.swbis_no_remote_kill = false # true or false
#swlist.swbis_local_pax_write_command = detect # {pax|tar|star|gtar|swbistar|detect}
#swlist.swbis_remote_pax_write_command = detect # {pax|tar|star|gtar|swbistar|detect}
#swlist.swbis_local_pax_read_command = detect # {pax|tar|star|gtar|detect}
#swlist.swbis_remote_pax_read_command = detect # {pax|tar|star|gtar|detect}
#swlist.swbis_remote_shell_client = ssh
#swlist.swbis_any_format = false # true or false
#swlist.swbis_forward_agent = true
#swlist.swbis_sig_level = 0 # Number of required valid signatures
#swlist.swbis_enforce_all_signatures = false
#swremove.swbis_no_getconf = false # true or false, Deprecated.
#swremove.swbis_shell_command = detect # {sh|bash|posix|ksh}
#swremove.swbis_no_remote_kill = false # true or false
#swremove.swbis_local_pax_write_command = tar # {pax|tar|star|gtar|swbistar}
#swremove.swbis_remote_pax_write_command = tar # {pax|tar|star|gtar|swbistar}
#swremove.swbis_local_pax_read_command = tar # {pax|tar|star|gtar}
#swremove.swbis_remote_pax_read_command = tar # {pax|tar|star|gtar}
#swremove.swbis_local_pax_remove_command = tar # {tar|gtar} Must have the --remove-files option
#swremove.swbis_remote_pax_remove_command = tar # {tar|gtar} Must have the --remove-files option
#swremove.swbis_remote_shell_client = ssh
#swremove.swbis_forward_agent = false
#swremove.swbis_sig_level = 0 # Number of required valid signatures
#swremove.swbis_enforce_all_signatures = false
#swverify.swbis_no_getconf = false # true or false, Deprecated.
#swverify.swbis_shell_command = detect # {sh|bash|posix|ksh}
#swverify.swbis_no_remote_kill = false # true or false
#swverify.swbis_local_pax_write_command = detect # {pax|tar|star|gtar|swbistar|detect}
#swverify.swbis_remote_pax_write_command = detect # {pax|tar|star|gtar|swbistar|detect}
#swverify.swbis_local_pax_read_command = detect # {pax|tar|star|gtar|detect}
#swverify.swbis_remote_pax_read_command = detect # {pax|tar|star|gtar|detect}
#swverify.swbis_remote_shell_client = ssh
#swverify.swbis_forward_agent = false
#swverify.swbis_sig_level = 0 # Number of required valid signatures
#swverify.swbis_enforce_all_signatures = false
# end of swbisdefaults file
swbis_local_pax_write_command = tar # {pax|tar|star|gtar|swbistar}
swbis_remote_pax_write_command = tar # {pax|tar|star|gtar|swbistar}
swbis_local_pax_read_command = tar # {pax|tar|star|gtar}
swbis_remote_pax_read_command = tar # {pax|tar|star|gtar}
swlist.swbis_local_pax_write_command = detect # {detect|pax|tar|gtar}
swlist.swbis_remote_pax_write_command = detect # {detect|pax|tar|gtar}
swverify.swbis_local_pax_write_command = detect # {detect|pax|tar|gtar}
swverify.swbis_remote_pax_write_command = detect # {detect|pax|tar|gtar}
Setting swbis_shell_command to 'detect' is the best choice here. The swbis_no_getconf option is headed for legacy status, disable it by setting this to 'true'.
swbis_no_getconf = true # true or false
swbis_shell_command = detect # {detect|sh|bash|posix||ksh}
You are reading about GNU Swbis, the GNU implementation of the POSIX Software Administration Standard ISO/IEC 15068-2:1999 (formerly IEEE Std 1387.2-1995). This spec describes a interchange format, package file layout, meta-data file format and utilities for package creation, installation, query, listing, and verification.
The GNU implementation adds capabilities for package authentication using strong cryptographic digests and GPG signatures that are embedded in the package as an ordinary control files as allowed by the standard.
The GNU implementation is compatible with traditional free software distribution package file layouts by supporting empty names for control directories in the POSIX layout. This makes a swbis package no different from current packages except for the addition of the meta-data directory.
Other features of the GNU implementation are direct use of GNU Privacy Guard for signature creation and verification, direct use of the Ssh client for remote host operations, GNU tar format compatibility, no new utility or program requirements for remote installation beyond POSIX compatible GNU utilities that are probably already present on all GNU and GNU/Linux hosts.
GNU Swbis also can translate and install packages in RPM format.
This manual contains information not found in the Unix-style Manual Pages such as a user guides, Tutorials, and Internal design features, however, the Manual Pages and this manual share common source and many sections transparently reference a different rendering of the Manual Page source documents.
Other sources of documentation include ISO/IEC or IEEE printed standard, the online version of the Open Group Specification CAE C701.
The swbis man pages are maintained and may be considered authoritative. See also swbis(1) and swbis(7) (via man 7 swbis or, man 1 swbis)
Documentation from other implementations based on the Standard likely describe features that are a superset of the POSIX spec, whereas, the swbis implementation currently is a subset, hence, may not now or ever apply to swbis.
The input file to swpackageis a called a Product Specification File or PSF. It contains information to direct swpackage and information that is package meta-data [that is merely transferred unchanged into the global INDEX file].
A PSF may contain object keywords, attributes (keyword/value pairs) and Extended Definitions (See (swbis_sw)EXTENDED DEFINITIONS.) An object keyword connotes a logical object or software structure supported by the standard. An object keyword does not have a value field after it, as it contains attributes and Extended Definitions. An attribute keyword conotes an attribute (i.e. keyword/value pair) and always has a value.
Attribute keywords not recognized by the standard are allowed and are transferred into the INDEX file. Object keywords not recognized by the standard are not allowed and will generate an error. Extended Definitions may only appear in a PSF (never in a INDEX or INFO created by swpackage). Extended Definitions are translated [by swpackage] into object keywords (objects) and attributes recognized by the standard.
Comments in a PSF are not transferred into the INDEX file by the swbis implementation of swpackage.
The file syntax is the same as a INDEX, or INFO file. See (swbis_sw)SOFTWARE DEFINITION FILES.
A PSF may contain all objects defined by the standard as well as extended definitions.
Currently, swpackage does not enforce requirements for revision and name meta-data that other the 'swinstall' might need. Therefore you should perform a test install of your package. The preview '-p' option of swinstall internally simulates most of the install operation but does not alter the file system. The example below previews the package on standard input.
swinstall -p -x verbose=6 -s - < your_package
Other restrictions of the swbis implementation are the default values for the 'dfiles' and 'pfiles' attributes (which are 'dfiles' and 'pfiles') must be used for minimal layout packages, i.e. packages that have the product and fileset control directories specified as empty strings (i.e have a minimal package layout).
# This PSF packaged all files in the current # directory. distribution dfiles dfiles product title somepackage version 0.1 description Source package for somepackage version 0.1 tag somepackage # < Change this to your package name revision 0.1 # < Change this to your package version control_directory "" fileset tag somepackage-sources # Not used by swbis currently control_directory "" file_permissions -o 0 -g 0 directory . file * exclude catalog
This PSF packages all the files in the directory where swpackage is invoked. It uses NUL control directory names which maintain the package directory structure.
This is as simple as:
swinstall <your-package # or swinstall -s :foo-1.1.tar.gz @ 192.168.3.2 <your-package # or swinstall -x reinstall=y <your-package # or swinstall --no-scripts -x reinstall=y <your-package # or swinstall --no-scripts -x reinstall=y @ /tmp/test <your-packageThe default target directory is always '/'. See Command Reference.
'swbis' is designed to be as non-intrusive as possible and this applies to host requirements which are minimal.
For package creation you need uuidgen and if creating signed distributions you need gpg.
For package installation you need sh, bash, dd, tar, hostname, mkdir, expr, echo, test, sleep.
Installation of packages on remote hosts (i.e. using swinstall with a remote host target) does not require swbis to be installed there.
The swverify and swign commands are shell scripts which may have additional requirements.
Here are the technical details about requirements for swinstall, the same apply to swcopy:
swinstall requires a POSIX shell accessible by the remote shell command. This is the remote command run by ssh (or rsh) for all operations. This command can be controlled by the –shell-command option or the swbis_shell_command defaults file option. The recommended value is 'detect' which performs auto-detection of a sutable shell.
Other utilities required to be in $PATH on the remote host are: dd, pax (or GNU tar), hostname, mkdir, expr, echo, test, sleep, read (if not builtin).
To swbis, a signed directory is any directory that contains the GPG signed distribution catalog directory ./catalog/. The signature protects the signed bytes which is a tar archive representation of ./catalog/. The contents of directory ./catalog/ contain meta data about the contents of the current directory ./.
Used is this way, the distribution catalog directory, ./catalog/, is a GPG signed directory manifest.
The ./catalog/ directory is created by swpackage. A separate ad-hoc utility, swign makes signing a directory much easier.
Suppose your distribution uses a packaging format that does not provide an installed software catalog. Using swbis you can create your own provided you have the original package files.
To do this you translate the orignal package (that is already installed) to swbis format and install just the catalog. Like this:
swinstall --justdb -s- @/
which writes that catalog at /var/lib/swbis/catalog. You can control the location of the catalog via the command line option.
swinstall --justdb -x installed_software_catalog=/$HOME/my_catalog
Translation is done by the lxpsf utility. It can be invoked transparently using swpackage and sent via a pipe to swinstall:
swpackage --to-swbis -s /Your/system/somepackage-1.0.type | swinstall --justdb
Then the catalog can be queried and used for verification purposes.
swlist somepackage; # list the package swlist; # list all the installed software swverify --sig-level=0 -vv somepackage @ / ; # Use sig-level=1 if you # signed the package
This works really well for RPM distributions. Users of Debian and Slackware may want to take more detailed control to exclude extraneous system directories that hamper clean verification. Like this:
lxpsf --psf-form3 --exclude-system-dirs somepackage-1.0.tar.xz | swpackage -Wsource=- -s @PSF @- | # Use special options to swpackage swinstall --justdb
Then verify. Slackware users may use the specific option to ignore the ./install directory and its files.
swlist; swverify --ignore-slack -x check_volatile=no somepackage @ /
All of package signing and security options are available when using swpackage as shown above. In fact it was assumed that they were all on by default. Creating a catalog without signatures or file digests or file list is of little use. Here is a last example showing some of these options.
The lxpsf is located in the LIBEXEC directory, for example /usr/lib/swbis/lxpsf.
lxpsf --psf-form3 --exclude-system-dirs somepackage-1.0.tar.xz | swpackage \ --files \ --sha2 \ --sha1 \ --sign \ --passphrase=fd=agent \ --gpg-name=NAME \ -Wsource=- -s @PSF @- | swinstall --justdb
Translation of supported formats are done in memory. No temporary files are created. Large RPMs or RPMs with many small files may take many seconds or several minutes to translate.
Translation is performed by the swbis library executable lxpsf and swpackage. Internally, this is
/usr/lib/swbis/lxpsf --psf-form3 -H ustar | swpackage -Wsource=- -s@PSF @-
The lxpsf is the only swbis program with RPM library dependencies, and this is the program that does the actual meta-data translation.
The easiest way to invoke translation is with the --unrpm of swpackage and swcopy.
swcopy --unrpm -s - @- <your-0.1.arch.rpm | tar tvf - -or- swpackage --unrpm @- <your-0.1.arch.rpm | tar tvf - -or- swpackage --to-sw <your-0.1.arch.rpm | tar tvf -
To verbosely preview the translated RPM:
swcopy --unrpm -s - @- | swinstall -p -x verbose=5
swbis is network transparent from the ground up. It uses ssh (or rsh) to establish remote connections. Communication then takes place on standard input, output and error as established by the remote shell client on the local host. Operations which are entirely local are symmetric with remote operations in that swbis communicates via Unix pipes and makes no distinction based on the locality of the communication endpoints.
swbis uses the ssh client program 'ssh' as found by the PATH variable. swbis adds the '-T' option to disable pseudo-tty allocation.
swbis supports an extension to the POSIX target syntax to support multiple host hops. Use of password authentication for multi-hop targets requires use of the SSH_ASKPASS program and redirection of X11 connections over the secure ssh channel. See the 'ForwardX11' option in the ssh client configuration. Use of public key authentication is more reliable since the authentication agent is forwarded by use of the '-A' ssh option.
Important Note: When making a multi-hop connection using either authentication method, the authentication credentials appear on the intermediate hosts and are subject to hijack, hence, the intermediate hosts' trust requirement should be no less than the terminal host's.
One overriding design goal of swbis is zero re-invention. To that end, swbis uses '/usr/bin/gpg' for signing and authentication. It uses 'rsh' and 'ssh' for remote connections. It uses 'bash' (as a POSIX shell) for command processing. It uses 'pax' or 'tar' for archive installation. It uses a file system directory structure as the database for installed software.
swbis is non-intrusive relative to current practice for data interchange and storage using tar archives.
swbis supports a 'minimal package layout' (See (swbis_sw)Minimal Package Layout.) This layout follows the POSIX spec but has nil control directories (Note: nil control directories are not attested to in the POSIX specification).
By specifying control directories as empty strings and specifying a non-empty leading directory for the archive, a swbis POSIX package may be used inter-changeably with free software tar archive source packages which commonly have a leading package directory.
Binary (run-time) packages follow the same pattern except the leading directory is specified as an empty string as well. The result is a run-time package directly installable by tar.
The non-inventive nature of swbis extends into the format level as well. swbis has its own archive writing utility, swpackage, and it is self contained, however, it writes tar archives which are identical to archives produced by GNU tar.
This data format mimicry has several advantages. It forms the basis for a very brittle regression test, namely bit-for-bit sameness with GNU tar. This also preserves symmetry between a package archive and package directory in that swbis archives installed with tar can be repackaged with GNU tar with no bit-wise change relative to the original.
Together, these layers of mimicry are put to practical application in the swign program See (swbis_swign), which creates GPG signed POSIX packages without any data copying except by GNU tar.