Review Article l 01 September 2024
Next-Generation Patient-Based Real-Time Quality Control Models
Xincen Duan, Ph.D., Minglong Zhang et al.
Ann Lab Med 2024; 44: 385-391Keywords: Artificial intelligence, Machine learning, Patient-based real-time QC, QC
Review Article l 01 July 2024
Guide to Rho(D) Immune Globulin in Women With Molecularly Defined Asian-type DEL (c.1227G>A)
In Hwa Jeong, M.D., SooHo Yu et al.
Ann Lab Med 2024; 44: 307-313Keywords: Asian-type DEL, Pregnant women, Rho(D) immune globulin, Weak D
Review Article l 01 July 2024
Manufacturing Cell and Gene Therapies: Challenges in Clinical Translation
Na Kyung Lee, Ph.D. and Jong Wook Chang, Ph.D.
Ann Lab Med 2024; 44: 314-323Keywords: Cell therapy, Chimeric antigen receptor T, Clinical translation, Gene therapy, Manufacturing, Mesenchymal stem cells, Viral vectors
Review Article l 01 May 2024
Current Challenges in Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cell Therapy in Patients With B-cell Lymphoid Malignancies
Seok Jin Kim, M.D., Ph.D. et al.
Ann Lab Med 2024; 44: 210-221Keywords: Chimeric antigen receptor, Cytokine toxicity, Efficacy, Lymphoma, Multiple myeloma
Review Article l 01 March 2024
The Use of Bone-Turnover Markers in Asia-Pacific Populations
Samuel Vasikaran, M.D., Subashini C. Thambiah et al.
Ann Lab Med 2024; 44: 126-134Keywords: Bisphosphonate, Bone fracture, Bone-turnover marker, Monitoring, Osteoporosis, Reference interval, Renal osteodystrophy, Risk, Standardization, Treatment
Review Article l 01 March 2024
Exploring Renal Function Assessment: Creatinine, Cystatin C, and Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate Focused on the European Kidney Function Consortium Equation
Hans Pottel, Ph.D., Pierre Delanaye et al.
Ann Lab Med 2024; 44: 135-143Keywords: Creatinine, Cystatin C, Estimated glomerular filtration rate, Kidney
Review Article l 01 January 2024
Bias in Laboratory Medicine: The Dark Side of the Moon
Abdurrahman Coskun, M.D.
Ann Lab Med 2024; 44: 6-20Keywords: Bias, Confidence interval, Diagnostic error, Quality control, Total quality management, Uncertainty
Most Read
-
Original Article2022年11月01日 Transfusion and Cell Therapy
Natural Killer Cell Expansion and Cytotoxicity Differ Depending on the Culture Medium Used
Seung Kwon Koh , B.S., Jeehun Park , Ph.D., Seong-Eun Kim , B.S., Yuree Lim , M.S., Minh-Trang Thi Phan , Ph.D., Jinho Kim , B.S., Ilwoong Hwang , M.D., Yong-Oon Ahn , Ph.D., Sue Shin , M.D., Junsang Doh , Ph.D., and Duck Cho , M.D.
Ann Lab Med 2022; 42(6): 638-649Abstract : Background: Adoptive cell therapy using umbilical cord blood (UCB)-derived allogeneic natural killer (NK) cells has shown encouraging results. However, because of the insufficient availability of NK cells and limited UCB volume, more effective culture methods are required. NK cell expansion and functionality are largely affected by the culture medium. While human serum is a major affecting component in culture media, the way it regulates NK cell functionality remains elusive. We elucidated the effects of different culture media and human serum supplementation on UCB NK cell expansion and functionality. Methods: UCB NK cells were cultured under stimulation with K562-OX40L-mbIL-18/21 feeder cells and IL-2 and IL-15 in serum-containing and serum-free culture media. The effects of the culture media and human serum supplementation on NK cell expansion and cytotoxicity were evaluated by analyzing the expansion rate, activating and inhibitory receptor levels, and the cytotoxicity of the UCB NK cells. Results: The optimal medium for NK cell expansion was Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium/Ham’s F12 with supplements and that for cytotoxicity was AIM V supplemented with Immune Cell Serum Replacement. Shifting media is an advantageous strategy for obtaining several highly functional UCB NK cells. Live cell imaging and killing time measurement revealed that human serum enhanced NK cell proliferation but delayed target recognition, resulting in reduced cytotoxicity. Conclusions: Culture medium supplementation with human serum strongly affects UCB NK cell expansion and functionality. Thus, culture media should be carefully selected to ensure both NK cell quantity and quality for adoptive cell therapy.
-
Review Article2023年01月01日 Clinical Chemistry
Calibration Practices in Clinical Mass Spectrometry: Review and Recommendations
Wan Ling Cheng , M.Sc., Corey Markus , M.Sc., Chun Yee Lim , Ph.D., Rui Zhen Tan , Ph.D., Sunil Kumar Sethi , MBBS., and Tze Ping Loh , MB.BCh.BAO.; for the IFCC Working Group on Method Evaluation Protocols
Ann Lab Med 2023; 43(1): 5-18Abstract : Background: Calibration is a critical component for the reliability, accuracy, and precision of mass spectrometry measurements. Optimal practice in the construction, evaluation, and implementation of a new calibration curve is often underappreciated. This systematic review examined how calibration practices are applied to liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry measurement procedures. Methods: The electronic database PubMed was searched from the date of database inception to April 1, 2022. The search terms used were "calibration," "mass spectrometry," and "regression." Twenty-one articles were identified and included in this review, following evaluation of the titles, abstracts, full text, and reference lists of the search results. Results: The use of matrix-matched calibrators and stable isotope-labeled internal standards helps to mitigate the impact of matrix effects. A higher number of calibration standards or replicate measurements improves the mapping of the detector response and hence the accuracy and precision of the regression model. Constructing a calibration curve with each analytical batch recharacterizes the instrument detector but does not reduce the actual variability. The analytical response and measurand concentrations should be considered when constructing a calibration curve, along with subsequent use of quality controls to confirm assay performance. It is important to assess the linearity of the calibration curve by using actual experimental data and appropriate statistics. The heteroscedasticity of the calibration data should be investigated, and appropriate weighting should be applied during regression modeling. Conclusions: This review provides an outline and guidance for optimal calibration practices in clinical mass spectrometry laboratories.
-
Review Article2023年05月01日 Clinical Chemistry
Biomarkers in Heart Failure: From Research to Clinical Practice
Alexander E. Berezin , M.D., Ph.D. and Alexander A. Berezin , M.D.
Ann Lab Med 2023; 43(3): 225-236Abstract : The aim of this narrative review is to summarize contemporary evidence on the use of circulating cardiac biomarkers of heart failure (HF) and to identify a promising biomarker model for clinical use in personalized point-of-care HF management. We discuss the reported biomarkers of HF classified into clusters, including myocardial stretch and biomechanical stress; cardiac myocyte injury; systemic, adipocyte tissue, and microvascular inflammation; cardiac fibrosis and matrix remodeling; neurohumoral activation and oxidative stress; impaired endothelial function and integrity; and renal and skeletal muscle dysfunction. We focus on the benefits and drawbacks of biomarker-guided assistance in daily clinical management of patients with HF. In addition, we provide clear information on the role of alternative biomarkers and future directions with the aim of improving the predictive ability and reproducibility of multiple biomarker models and advancing genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic evaluations.
-
Review Article2024年01月01日 Clinical Chemistry
Bias in Laboratory Medicine: The Dark Side of the Moon
Ann Lab Med 2024; 44(1): 6-20Abstract : Physicians increasingly use laboratory-produced information for disease diagnosis, patient monitoring, treatment planning, and evaluations of treatment effectiveness. Bias is the systematic deviation of laboratory test results from the actual value, which can cause misdiagnosis or misestimation of disease prognosis and increase healthcare costs. Properly estimating and treating bias can help to reduce laboratory errors, improve patient safety, and considerably reduce healthcare costs. A bias that is statistically and medically significant should be eliminated or corrected. In this review, the theoretical aspects of bias based on metrological, statistical, laboratory, and biological variation principles are discussed. These principles are then applied to laboratory and diagnostic medicine for practical use from clinical perspectives.
-
Review Article2024年03月01日 Clinical Chemistry
Exploring Renal Function Assessment: Creatinine, Cystatin C, and Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate Focused on the European Kidney Function Consortium Equation
Hans Pottel , Ph.D., Pierre Delanaye , M.D., Ph.D., and Etienne Cavalier , Ph.D.
Ann Lab Med 2024; 44(2): 135-143Abstract : Serum creatinine and serum cystatin C are the most widely used renal biomarkers for calculating the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), which is used to estimate the severity of kidney damage. In this review, we present the basic characteristics of these biomarkers, their advantages and disadvantages, some basic history, and current laboratory measurement practices with state-of-the-art methodology. Their clinical utility is described in terms of normal reference intervals, graphically presented with age-dependent reference intervals, and their use in eGFR equations.
-
Original Article2023年01月01日 Clinical Microbiology
Serotype Distribution and Antimicrobial Resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae Causing Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in Korea Between 2017 and 2019 After Introduction of the 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine
Gyu Ri Kim , Ph.D., Eun-Young Kim , Ph.D., Si Hyun Kim , Ph.D., Hae Kyung Lee , M.D., Jaehyeon Lee , M.D., Jong Hee Shin , M.D., Young Ree Kim , M.D., Sae Am Song , M.D., Joseph Jeong , M.D., Young Uh , M.D., Yu Kyung Kim , M.D., Dongeun Yong , M.D., Hyun Soo Kim , M.D., Sunjoo Kim , M.D., Young Ah Kim , M.D., Kyeong Seob Shin , M.D., Seok Hoon Jeong , M.D., Namhee Ryoo , M.D., and Jeong Hwan Shin , M.D.
Ann Lab Med 2023; 43(1): 45-54Abstract : Background: Streptococcus pneumoniae is a serious pathogen causing various infections in humans. We evaluated the serotype distribution and antimicrobial resistance of S. pneumoniae causing invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) after introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV)13 in Korea and investigated the epidemiological characteristics of multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates. Methods: S. pneumoniae isolates causing IPD were collected from 16 hospitals in Korea between 2017 and 2019. Serotyping was performed using modified sequential multiplex PCR and the Quellung reaction. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed using the broth microdilution method. Multilocus sequence typing was performed on MDR isolates for epidemiological investigations. Results: Among the 411 S. pneumoniae isolates analyzed, the most prevalent serotype was 3 (12.2%), followed by 10A (9.5%), 34 (7.3%), 19A (6.8%), 23A (6.3%), 22F (6.1%), 35B (5.8%), 11A (5.1%), and others (40.9%). The coverage rates of PCV7, PCV10, PCV13, and pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV)23 were 7.8%, 7.8%, 28.7%, and 59.4%, respectively. Resistance rates to penicillin, ceftriaxone, erythromycin, and levofloxacin were 13.1%, 9.2%, 80.3%, and 4.1%, respectively. MDR isolates accounted for 23.4% of all isolates. Serotypes 23A, 11A, 19A, and 15B accounted for the highest proportions of total isolates at 18.8%, 16.7%, 14.6%, and 8.3%, respectively. Sequence type (ST)166 (43.8%) and ST320 (12.5%) were common among MDR isolates. Conclusions: Non-PCV13 serotypes are increasing among invasive S. pneumoniae strains causing IPD. Differences in antimicrobial resistance were found according to the specific serotype. Continuous monitoring of serotypes and antimicrobial resistance is necessary for the appropriate management of S. pneumoniae infections.
Vol.44 No.6 Latest Issue All Issues